Table 3.
Cross sectional association between sex hormones and extra-coronary calcification at MESA exam 1 (2000-2002)
| Women | Men | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Free testosterone | SHBG | Free testosterone | SHBG | |
| Percent difference (95% CI) | ||||
| Aortic valve | ||||
| Model 1 | 6 (1, 11) | −6 (−11, −1) | 0 (−6, 7) | −1 (−7, 5) |
| Model 2 | 4 (−2, 10) | −4 (−10, 1) | −1 (−8, 5) | 1 (−5, 8) |
| Model 3 | −1 (−7, 5) | 0 (−6, 6) | −5 (−11, 2) | 4 (−2, 11) |
| Mitral valve | ||||
| Model 1 | 7 (0, 13) | −6 (−12, 0) | −3 (−8, 2) | 3 (−2, 7) |
| Model 2 | −2 (−9, 5) | 2 (−5, 10) | −5 (−10, 0) | 5 (0, 11) |
| Model 3 | −7 (−14, 0) | 7 (−1, 16) | −5 (−10, 0) | 5 (0, 11) |
| Ascending aorta | ||||
| Model 1 | 3 (0, 5) | −2 (−5, 0) | −2 (−5, 1) | 2 (−1,5) |
| Model 2 | 1 (−2, 5) | −1 (−4, 3) | −1 (−4, 2) | 1 (−2, 4) |
| Model 3 | −1 (−4, 3) | 1 (−2, 5) | −2 (−5, 1) | 2 (−1,5) |
| Descending aorta | ||||
| Model 1 | 7 (−2, 17) | −6 (−14, 2) | 1 (−7, 11) | −3 (−10, 6) |
| Model 2 | 4 (−6, 16) | −4 (−14, 7) | 3 (−5, 13) | −5 (−12, 4) |
| Model 3 | −8 (−18, 3) | 9 (−2, 22) | −1 (−9, 8) | −1 (−9, 7) |
CI, Confidence intervals; MESA, Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis SHBG, Sex hormone binding globulin.
Percent difference was derived from linear mixed effect models and calculated by ([Exp (β) −1]*100).
Extra-coronary calcification was analyzed as ln(ECC+1).
The independent variables (sex hormones) were natural log-transformed and modeled per one standard deviation.
Results in bold font indicate statistical significance at p <0.05.
Results in bold font with asterisk indicate Bonferroni corrected statistical significance at p <0.002.
Model 1: adjusted for age, race/ethnicity and MESA study site.
Model 2: adjusted for model 1 covariates plus education, physical activity, smoking, pack-years of smoking, BMI and health insurance.
Model 3: adjusted for model 2 covariates plus systolic blood pressure, use of anti-hypertensive medication, total cholesterol, HDL-C, use of lipid-lowering medication, diabetes mellitus and eGFR.
In women, model 2 was additionally adjusted for age at menopause and current use of hormone therapy.