Table 4.
Summary of results for time-to-recovery analyses (discrete-time logit regression) for the primary outcome, secondary outcomes, and subtests of the NIH Toolbox Cognitive Battery. P-values shown are not adjusted for multiple comparisons.
| Time to Recovery | HR vs 40–49 year old (N = 20) reference decade (95% CI) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Overall effect of age decade | 50–59 years | p | 60–69 years | p | 70–80 years | p | |
| N = 19 | N = 13 | N = 19 | |||||
| Primary outcome | |||||||
| PQRS1 | χ2(3) = 1.83, p = .61 | 1.41 (0.50,4.03) | 0.52 | 1.03 (0.35, 3.00) | 0.96 | 0.69 (0.25, 1.88) | 0.69 |
| Secondary outcomes | |||||||
| NIH Toolbox Composite2 | χ2(3) = 0.92, p = .82 | 0.40 (0.05, 3.03) | 0.37 | 0.47 (0.06, 4.07) | 0.50 | 0.44 (0.06, 3.37) | 0.43 |
| Logical memory immediate | χ2(3) = 0, p = 1.00 | 1.00 (0.51, 1.95) | 1.00 | 1.00 (0.49, 2.08) | 1.00 | 1.00 (0.51, 1.95) | 1.00 |
| Category fluency - animals | χ2(3) = 0.57, p = 0.90 | 1.10 (0.55, 2.20) | 0.78 | 1.29 (0.61, 2.74) | 0.50 | 1.25 (0.63, 2.49) | 0.53 |
| Trails A time | χ2(3) = 0.05, p = 0.997 | 1.01 (0.52, 1.98) | 0.97 | 1.07 (0.51, 2.23) | 0.86 | 1.06 (0.53, 2.11) | 0.87 |
| Trails B time | χ2(3) = 1.85, p = 0.60 | 1.59 (0.79, 3.20) | 0.20 | 1.37 (0.64, 2.95) | 0.42 | 1.18 (0.60, 2.33) | 0.64 |
| Logical memory delayed | χ2(3) = 0, p = 1.00 | 1.00 (0.51, 1.95) | 1.00 | 1.00 (0.48, 2.08) | 1.00 | 1.00 (0.51, 1.95) | 1.00 |
| CVLT delayed recall | χ2(3) = 0, p = 1.00 | 1.00 (0.51, 1.95) | 1.00 | 1.00 (0.48, 2.08) | 1.00 | 1.00 (0.51, 1.95) | 1.00 |
| NIH Toolbox subtests 2 | |||||||
| Dimensional change card sort | χ2(3) = 2.17, p = .54 | 0.67 (0.20, 2.20) | 0.50 | 1.02 (0.26, 3.99) | 0.98 | 1.89 (0.49, 7.32) | 0.35 |
| Flanker inhibitory control and attention | χ2(3) = 0.54, p = .91 | 1.23 (0.38, 4.02) | 0.73 | 0.98 (0.23, 4.19) | 0.97 | 1.55 (0.43, 5.53) | 0.50 |
| Picture sequence memory | χ2(3) = 6.62, p = .085 | 0.27 (0.02, 3.03) | 0.29 | 0.27 (0.02, 3.55) | 0.32 | 0.08 (0.01, 0.76) | 0.03 |
| List sorting working memory | χ2(3) = 0.33, p = .95 | 1.08 (0.28, 4.20) | 0.91 | 0.78 (0.19, 3.19) | 0.73 | 1.23 (0.30, 5.12) | 0.78 |
| Oral reading recognition | χ2(3) = 3.33, p = .34 | 1.51 (0.53, 4.28) | 0.44 | 3.44 (0.89, 13.29) | 0.07 | 1.70 (0.57, 5.04) | 0.34 |
| Picture vocabulary | χ2(3) = 1.27, p = .74 | 1.63 (0.46, 5.79) | 0.45 | 0.83 (0.22, 3.16) | 0.78 | 1.57 (0.43, 5.80) | 0.49 |
| Pattern comparison processing speed | χ2(3) = 1.05, p = .79 | 2.51 (0.33, 18.93) | 0.37 | 1.00 (0.12, 7.99) | 0.998 | 1.87 (0.25 14.16) | 0.55 |
1
N = 19 for 40–49 years and N = 18 for 70–80 years (due to missing data at baseline assessment).
2
As noted in Table 3, some participants had missing data for individual NIH Toolbox assessments at some time points. Times to recovery for these participants were determined based on available data.