Table 4.

Results of the two-class latent class model.

Attribute	Alternative	Multinomial Logit Model		Error Component Latent Class Model
				Class 1				Class 2
		Estimate	t-statistics	Estimate		t-statistics	Estimate		t-statistics
Travel context
COVID-19 restrictions policy
Lockdown Level 3	Not travel	1.07***	14.1	2.09***		9.79	2.5***		3.73
Lockdown Level 2	Not travel	0.426***	5.23	0.534***		3.13	1.21**		2.06
Lockdown Level 1	Not travel	−0.244***	−2.64	−0.676***		−3.77	−0.168		−0.373
Totally open	Not travel	−1.252	–	−1.95		–	−3.54		–
Travel Purpose
Work	Not travel	−0.209**	−2.45	−0.589***		−3.12	0.817		1.64
Social	Not travel	0.237***	2.91	0.346*		1.87	0.869*		1.87
Shopping	Not travel	−0.181**	−2.16	−0.18		−0.903	−0.945*		−1.86
Leisure	Not travel	0.153	–	0.42		–	−0.74		–
Alternative-specific attributes
Travel cost (€)	Bus, Car, and SEB	−0.178**	−2.16	−0.267**		−2.2	−0.048		−0.307
Travel time (min)	All modes	−0.304***	−6.15	−0.27***		−3.07	−0.52***		−4.4
Out-of-vehicle time (min)	Bus	−0.335	−1.12	−0.425		−0.8	−0.482		−0.553
Requirement of Facemask	Bus	0.009	0.129	−0.173		−1.42	1.28		0.526
1.5-m social distance rule	Bus	−0.049	−0.721	−0.156		−1.24	1.24**		2.04
Offering hand rubs	Bus	−0.0381	−0.562	0.103		0.845	−0.23		−0.555
Onboard passengers' limitation (%)
25% of the total seats	Bus	0.16	1.44	0.025		0.128	3.62**		2.26
50% of the total seats	Bus	0.058	0.503	0.258		1.25	−1.54		−0.638
75% of the total seats	Bus	−0.045	−0.375	−0.0812		−0.388	−0.288		−0.116
100% of the total seats	Bus	−0.1731	–	−0.20		–	−1.79		–
Disinfection frequency
Every journey	Bus	0.138	1.23	0.209		1.1	3.59		0.743
Once per 4 journeys	Bus	0.19*	1.72	0.379*		1.9	4.48		0.945
Once per 8 journeys	Bus	−0.198	−1.55	−0.502**		−2.15	−4.52		−0.94
Once a day	Bus	−0.13	–	−0.09		–	−3.55		–
ASCs
Constant 1	Car	0.494***	4.13	2.92***		3.08	5.26***		3.17
Constant 2	Bus	−0.781***	−3.58	−1.27		−0.968	−9		−0.507
Constant 3	Bike	1.38***	15.3	3.4***		4.47	5.78***		3.75
Constant 4	SEB	−2.12***	−11.3	−0.02		−0.0218	−0.221		−0.137
Constant 5	Walk	0.311	1.46	3.08***		3.43	4.81***		2.79
SD of the random panel effect parameter
Deviation 1	Car	–	–	6.69***		3.57
Deviation 2	Bus	–	–	1.17		1.04
Deviation 3	Bike	–	–	7.5***		3.2
Deviation 4	SEB	–	–	2.48*		1.9
Deviation 5	Walk	–	–	5.04***		2.6
Error components for nests of alternatives parameters
Component Deviation	Share Space	–	–	2.19*	1.82
Class membership
Constant		–	–	21.8***		4.83	0		(fixed)
Education level (−1: HAVO/VWO and below, 1: Bachelor degree or above)		–	–	−4.31***		−3.98	0		(fixed)
Gender (1: male, −1: female)		–	–	2.03***		3.24	0		(fixed)
Job (−1: employed, 1: unemployed/retired)		–	–	−0.244		−1.37	0		(fixed)
Marital (−1: single or couple with no children, 1: couple with one or more children)		–	–	−2.38***		−3.69	0		(fixed)
Age (years)		–	–	−0.877***		−4.79	0		(fixed)
Class probability		–	–	0.597				0.403
Goodness-of-fit
LL		−4430.977		−4311.537
# of observations		3152		3152
# of parameters		23		58
${\rho }^2$		0.215		0.262
${\rho }^{-2}$		0.211		0.252

Note: SEB means shared E-bike *** Estimates whose p-value are less than 0.01.** Estimates whose p-value are less than 0.05.* Estimates whose p-value are less than 0.10.