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. 2021 Jul 3;181(1):125–131. doi: 10.1007/s00431-021-04169-x

Table 3.

Association between pre-procedural distress and self-reported pain by age group

Self-reported procedural pain
Age groups Pre-procedural distress n median (IQR) Wilcoxon Mann Whitney p-value
Adolescents Yes 50 5 (3–7) 0.01
No 13 1 (0–4)
Older children Yes 43 5 (3–8) 0.002
No 5 0 (0–0)
Younger children Yes 23 7 (2–8) 0.4
No 2 3.5 (2–5)