Fig. 6. Auxin transportation has a greater impact on the auxin response in Arabidopsis embryos during magnetic Gd³⁺-induced seed levitation.

a Expression of DR5::GFP in Arabidopsis seed embryos without (Ctrl) or with 500 μg/L NPA pretreatment for 12 h (NPA) following treatment with Gd³⁺-induced LEV for 30 min (LEV or NPA + LEV). Scale bar = 100 μm. b Quantification of the expression of DR5::GFP with or without 500 μg/L NPA treatment. Data are the mean values ± SE, with three biological repeats for each sample (n = 30, Student’s t test, ***P ≤ 0.001). c Quantification of the percentage of Arabidopsis seeds in vertical positions. Over 30 seeds are analyzed for NPA-pretreated samples without or with Gd³⁺-induced LEV. d Quantification of the expression of DR5::GFP in Arabidopsis seed embryos as defined in (a). Data are the mean values ± SE, with three biological repeats for each sample (n = 30, Student’s t test, **P ≤ 0.01)