Table 1.

Compounds, nucleic acids and peptides described as extracellular modulators of TGF-β signalling activation (in the order of appearance).

Molecules/compounds	Function	Ref.
MIR100HG	Long noncoding RNA, controls the magnitude of TGF-β signalling in carcinomas	59
GM6001	Metalloprotease inhibitor, abrogates αvβ8-mediated TGF-β activation in airway fibroblasts and SW480 cells	86,98
c8	Synthetic compound with inhibitory activity on αvβ1 integrin and downstream L-TGF-β activation in fibroblasts	103
CWHM12	Small molecule inhibitor of αv integrins, potential anti-fibrotic effects	105
LSKL	Peptide that blocks TSP-1-mediated TGF-β signalling activation	118
KRFK	TSP-1-derived TGF-β1 activating peptide	118
NDMA	Organic chemical, induction of hepatic fibrosis in mouse model	131
LAP-DP	Valuable biomarkers for monitoring L-TGF-β activation and the clinical course of chronic liver diseases	139
cRGD	Synthetic peptide blocking the interaction of αv integrin and L-TGF-β	182

LAP, latency-associated peptide; LAP-DP, LAP degradation product; L-TGF-β, latent TGF-β; NDMA, N-nitrosodimethylamine; TGF-β, transforming growth factor β; TSP-1, thrombospondin 1.