Table 1.

Artistic depiction of rheumatic illnesses in history [40]

Timeline	Artist	Artwork	Diseases depicted
200–1200	Mexico Jalisco, Mexico	Clay sculpture Sculpture	Heberden’s node Osteomyelitis/fracture/Tumor
1400–1500	Dieric Bouts, Denmark Jan van Eyck, Belgium Hieronymus Bosch, Netherlands Quinten Metsys, Belgium	‘The Last Supper’, ‘Mater Dolorosa’ and ‘The Ascension of Maria’ ‘Adoration of the Lamb’ ‘John IV, Duke of Brabant’ ‘The Virgin with the Canon’ ‘The Procession of the Cripples’ ‘A Grotesque Old Woman’	Camptodactyly Heberden’s node Swan-neck, Boutonnière deformities Temporal Arteritis with PMR Pott’s disease, SpA, Hyperostosis vertebralis, Post-infectious osteomyelitis Osteitis deformans
1600–1800	Caravaggio, Italy Peter Paul Rubens, Belgium (Himself suffered from RA) Claes Cornelisz Moeyaert, Denmark Murillo, Spain Vincent van Gogh, Netherlands	‘The Sleeping Cupid’ ‘Saint Mathew’, ‘The Drunken Sleeping Satyr’, ‘Suzanna and the Elders’, ‘Portrait of Marie de Medici’, ‘Saint Augustine between Christ and the Virgin’, and ‘The Holy Family with St Anne’ ‘The Three Graces’ Portraits of priest Siebrands Sixties ‘Archangel Raphael and Bishop Francisco Domonte’ ‘La Berceuse (Augustine Roulin)’	Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis Hand Arthritis Benign Familial Hypermobility Syndrome, Trendelenburg sign Rheumatoid Arthritis Scleroderma Hand Arthritis