Table 3.
Factors associated with PNC utilisation in Sierra Leone as per the 2019 SLDHS
| Characteristics | Crude model cOR (95% CI) | P-value | Adjusted model aOR (95% CI) | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Caesarean section | ||||
| No | 1 | 1 | ||
| Yes | 7.10 (3.20–15.76)a | < 0.001 | 8.01 (3.37–19.07)a | < 0.001 |
| Skilled birth attendance | ||||
| Yes | 1 | |||
| No | 5.86 (4.60–7.47)a | < 0.001 | – | |
| Visited by fieldworker | ||||
| No | 1 | 1 | ||
| Yes | 1.77 (1.44–2.18)a | < 0.001 | 1.80 (1.46–2.20)a | < 0.001 |
| ANC frequency | ||||
| Less than 8 contacts | 1 | 1 | ||
| 8 contacts and above | 1.42 (1.12–1.81)a | 0.004 | 1.37 (1.08–1.73)a | 0.010 |
| ANC initiation timing | ||||
| First trimester | 1 | 1 | ||
| After first trimester | 1.11 (0.93–1.32) | 0.255 | 1.10 (0.91–1.32) | 0.339 |
| Age | ||||
| 35 to 49 | 1 | |||
| 20 to 34 | 1.26 (1.08–1.48)a | 0.003 | 1.06 (0.87–1.29) | 0.544 |
| 15 to 19 | 1.30 (0.98–1.73) | 0.068 | 0.98 (0.66–1.43) | 0.898 |
| Residence | ||||
| Rural | 1 | |||
| Urban | 1.41 (1.08–1.84)a | 0.011 | – | |
| Region | ||||
| Western | 1 | 1 | ||
| Southern | 1.10 (0.72–1.66) | 0.668 | 1.31 (0.84–2.04) | 0.242 |
| Northwestern | 0.48 (0.33–0.72)a | < 0.001 | 0.54 (0.36–0.80)a | 0.003 |
| Northern | 0.48 (0.31–0.74)a | 0.001 | 0.48 (0.29–0.78)a | 0.003 |
| Eastern | 0.72 (0.48–1.08) | 0.110 | 0.83 (0.54–1.28) | 0.400 |
| Religion | ||||
| Christianity and others | 1 | 1 | ||
| Islam | 0.82 (0.66–1.02) | 0.075 | 1.04 (0.84–1.30) | 0.711 |
| Sex household head | ||||
| Male | 1 | 1 | ||
| Female | 0.82 (0.68–0.99)a | 0.047 | 0.69 (0.56–0.85)a | < 0.001 |
| Household Size | ||||
| 7 and above | 1 | 1 | ||
| Less than 7 | 1.12 (0.93–1.35) | 0.231 | 1.04 (0.86–1.26) | 0.672 |
| Working status | ||||
| Not working | 1 | 1 | ||
| Working | 0.61 (0.49–0.75)a | < 0.001 | 0.66 (0.52–0.84)a | 0.001 |
| Marital status | ||||
| Not married | 1 | 1 | ||
| Married | 0.85 (0.69–1.03) | 0.095 | 0.96 (0.76–1.21) | 0.732 |
| Education Level | ||||
| No Education | 1 | 1 | ||
| Primary Education | 1.12 (0.91–1.38) | 0.268 | 0.97 (0.77–1.23) | 0.249 |
| Secondary Education | 1.49 (1.22–1.82)a | < 0.001 | 1.16 (0.90–1.48) | 0.248 |
| Tertiary | 3.98 (2.17–7.30)a | < 0.001 | 2.71 (1.32–5.56)a | 0.006 |
| Wealth Index | ||||
| Poorest | 1 | – | ||
| Poorer | 1.27 (1.03–1.57)a | 0.026 | ||
| Middle | 1.66 (1.26–2.18)a | < 0.001 | ||
| Richer | 1.77 (1.28–2.46)a | 0.001 | ||
| Richest | 2.05 (1.39–3.02)a | < 0.001 | ||
| Parity | ||||
| 5 and above | 1 | 1 | ||
| 2–4 | 1.17 (0.99–1.38) | 0.07 | 0.95 (0.78–1.17) | 0.644 |
| 1 | 1.42 (1.17–1.74)a | < 0.001 | 1.06 (0.81–1.40) | 0.668 |
| Newspapers’ exposure | ||||
| No | 1 | 1 | ||
| Yes | 1.47 (0.90–2.38) | 0.121 | 0.95 (0.55–1.66) | 0.861 |
| Exposure to Radio | ||||
| No | 1 | 1 | ||
| Yes | 1.31 (1.06–1.62)a | 0.012 | 1.24 (0.99–1.54) | 0.052 |
| Exposure to TV | ||||
| No | 1 | 1 | ||
| Yes | 1.18 (0.93–1.50) | 0.178 | 0.77 (0.60–1.00) | 0.052 |
| Internet use | ||||
| No | 1 | 1 | ||
| Yes | 1.76 (1.17–2.66)a | 0.007 | 0.94 (0.59–1.51) | 0.801 |
| Permission to access healthcare | ||||
| Big problem | 1 | 1 | ||
| Not big problem | 1.51 (1.21–1.90)a | < 0.001 | 1.51 (1.19–1.90)a | 0.001 |
| Distance to health facility | ||||
| Big problem | 1 | 1 | ||
| Not big problem | 1.25 (0.99–1.59) | 0.065 | 1.02 (0.78–1.33) | 0.869 |
| Delivery place | ||||
| Home | 1 | – | ||
| Health facility | 7.26 (5.74–9.19)a | < 0.001 | – | |
asignificant at < 0.05