Table 2.
Adjusted prevalence odds ratios of the effect of parental permissiveness to smoke cigarettes and use alcohol on adolescent illicit drug use at follow-up, by gender
| Overall | Boys | Girls | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| APOR (95% CI) | P value | APOR (95% CI) | P value | APOR (95% CI) | P value | |
| Perceived parental permissiveness to smoke cigarettesa | ||||||
| Would not allow at all | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||
| Would not allow at home | 2.06 (1.43–2.95) | < 0.001 | 2.67 (1.68–4.24) | < 0.001 | 1.38 (0.74–2.57) | 0.311 |
| Would allow | 2.17 (1.38–3.40) | 0.001 | 2.12 (1.21–3.73) | 0.009 | 2.08 (0.96–4.53) | 0.064 |
| Would allow/would not allow at home | 2.09 (1.54–2.85) | < 0.001 | 2.44 (1.65–3.61) | < 0.001 | 1.59 (0.94–2.67) | 0.081 |
| Do not know | 1.19 (0.76–1.86) | 0.453 | 1.56 (0.89–2.74) | 0.123 | 0.71 (0.32–1.58) | 0.405 |
| Perceived parental permissiveness to use alcoholb | ||||||
| Would not allow at all | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||
| Would not allow at home | 2.55 (1.78–3.67) | < 0.001 | 3.17 (1.99–5.04) | < 0.001 | 1.80 (0.96–3.35) | 0.066 |
| Would allow | 2.01 (1.37–2.95) | < 0.001 | 2.23 (1.37–3.63) | 0.001 | 1.72 (0.90–3.28) | 0.101 |
| Would allow/would not allow at home | 2.28 (1.69–3.08) | < 0.001 | 2.68 (1.82–3.95) | < 0.001 | 1.76 (1.06–2.91) | 0.028 |
| Do not know | 1.21 (0.84–1.75) | 0.297 | 1.14 (0.70–1.83) | 0.601 | 1.29 (0.73–2.28) | 0.381 |
The effects of perceived parental permissiveness to cigarette and alcohol use were examined in separate models. Multilevel mixed-effect logistic regression models with 3 levels (country, school and student) adjusted for gender, age, family composition and parental cigarette smoking
Results in bold are statistically significant at P < 0.05
APOR adjusted prevalence odds ratios
an = 3075 pupils on overall, 1566 boys and 1509 girls
bn = 3064 pupils on overall, 1562 boys and 1502 girls