Succinate supplementation during gestation and lactation increases BAT mass and enhances brown adipogenesis in weaning female offspring
A, Body weight gain. B, BAT and iWAT mass. C, Fat index (the ratio of fat mass to the whole body weight) of BAT and iWAT. D, Succinate concentration in the plasma of weaning mice. E, serum insulin concentrations. F, Blood glucose. G - H, Infrared images (G) and interscapular surface temperature (H) of CON and SUCC offspring. I - J, Representative H&E staining for BAT and iWAT sections (I) and average adipocyte diameters (J). K, mRNA expression of brown adipocyte markers in BAT. L - M, Immunoblotting analysis for brown adipocyte markers and p38. N – O, The enrichment of H3K4me3 (N) and succinyllysine.(O) in the Ppargc1a promoter (n = 3). Data are shown as means ± SEM *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01. Data are shown as means ± SEM (n = 6).