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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2023 Mar 1.
Published in final edited form as: Appetite. 2021 Dec 22;170:105878. doi: 10.1016/j.appet.2021.105878

Table 1.

Variables assessed in the study and description of each survey items

Variables Description Response options Psychometric Properties
Everyday discrimination (42,43,62-64) Everyday discrimination was assessed with the following three items

You are treated with less respect or courtesy than other people

You received poorer service than other people in restaurants and stores

People act as if they think you are not smart or clever
1=Never
2=Less than once a year
3=A few times a year
4=A few times a month
5=At least once a week

A summed score of everyday discrimination was categorized into “none [score=0],” “low [score > 0 and ≤ 2],” “moderate [score >2 and <6],” and “high [≥ 6]”
test-retest r=.7 at EAT 2018
Maladaptive Eating Overeating (47,48,65) Overeating was assessed with the item “In the past year, have you ever eaten so much food in a short period of time that you would be embarrassed if others saw you (binge-eating)?”. Yes, no test-retest % agreement = 90% for overeating at EAT 2018
Binge eating (48) Among a subset of participants who confirmed overeating (“In the past year, have you ever eaten so much food in a short period of time that you would be embarrassed if others saw you (binge-eating)?”, sense of loss of control was further assessed with the question,

“During the times when you ate this way, did you feel you couldn’t stop eating or control what or how much you were eating?”
Yes (to “overeating” and “sense of loss of control”), no test-retest percent k=.6 for binge eating at EAT 2018
Adaptive Eating Intuitive Eating (29) Intuitive eating was assessed with items adapted from the Intuitive Eating Scale:

“I stop eating when I feel full,” “I eat everything that is on my plate, even if I’m not that hungry,” and “I trust my body to tell me how much to eat,”
0 = “hardly ever,”
1 = “sometimes,”
2 = “much of the time,”
3= “almost always.”

The second item, “I eat everything that is on my plate, even if I’m not that hungry”was reverse scored.

Each item related to intuitive eating was summed, and possible scores ranged from 0 to 9, with higher scores indicating higher levels of intuitive eating.
McDonald’s ω = .6 at EAT 2018
test-retest r=.6 at EAT 2018
Mindful Eating (50) Mindful eating was assessed with the following items adapted from the Mindful Eating Questionnaire:

“I eat so quickly that I don’t taste what I’m eating,”
“I snack without noticing that I am eating”
“Before I eat I take a moment to appreciate the colors and smells of my food” and “I taste every bite of food that I eat.”
0 = “hardly ever”,
1= “sometimes”,
2= “much of the time”,
3= “almost always”

The first two items were reverse coded.

Each item related to mindful eating was summed, and possible score ranged from 0 to 12, with higher scores indicating higher levels of mindful eating.
McDonald’s ω = .5 at EAT 2018
test-retest r=.7 at EAT 2018
Sociodemographic variable (66-68) Age was calculated from the question “what Is your birthdate? (month, day, year of birth)”
Gender was assessed with the question, “Are you (1) male, (2) female, (3) different identity?”
Ethnicity/race was assessed with the question: “Do you think of yourself as?”
(1) White,
(2) Black or African American,
(3) Hispanic or Latino,
(4) Asian American,
(5) Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander,
(6) American Indian or Native American,
Other
SES was determined based on the highest education level of either parent with adjustments made for free/reduced price school meals, family public assistance receipt, and parent employment status.
Weights and heights were measured by trained staff following standardized procedures to calculate BMI (kg/m2)
Age test-retest correlation = 1.0
Ethnicity/race test–retest agreement = 98%–100%