Table 2. Studies investigating the relationship between MetS and PE in men.
| Study | Year | Definition of PE | Definition of MetS | PE prevalence | Results |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Corona et al [63] | 2006 | PE was defined as ejaculation within 1 minute of vaginal intromission (as reported by the patient). | NCEP-ATP-III | 22.70% | MetS is associated with a higher prevalence of hypogonadism in patients with SD. |
| Gökçe and Ekmekcioglu [64] | 2010 | PE was defined as ejaculation in <1 minute during more than half of the sexual attempts. | Unspecified | - | The prevalence of obesity in the PE group is lower than the control group. |
| Lotti et al [62] | 2013 | PEDT | IDF & AHA/NHLBI | 22.2% with MetS 14.4% without MetS |
MetS is associated with hypogonadism, poor sperm morphology, ED, somatization, depression. |
| Gao et al [60] | 2013 | According to the outcomes of questionnaires, men who were not satisfied with their time to ejaculation were accepted as having the complaint of PE. | WHO | 25.8% | Higher age, BMI score, smoking rate, a lower frequency of sexual intercourse, IELT, and exercise rate in PE. |
| Salama et al [21] | 2017 | PEDT | NCEP-ATP-III | 35.2% | WC and FBS were significantly associated with the presence of PE. |
| Bolat et al [46] | 2017 | PEDT | NCEP-ATP-III | 51% | Men with WC >102 cm and serum TG levels ≥150 mg/dL had lower IELT scores and higher PE prevalence. |
| Cakir et al [66] | 2017 | PEDT | Unspecified | - | Men with PE had lower BMI, TG levels, WC, and HDL-C levels. |
| Jeh et al [61] | 2019 | ISSM | NCEP-ATP-III | 7.2% | Men with MetS had a 2.2-fold higher risk of APE. |
| Lu et al [67] | 2020 | PEDT | NCEP-ATP-III | - | WC, visceral fat ratio, fat mass, FBS, and hs-CRP levels in the APE group were significantly higher than in the control group. |
MetS: metabolic syndrome, PE: premature ejaculation, NCEP-ATP-III: National Cholesterol Education Program-Adult Treatment Panel III, SD: sexual dysfunction, PEDT: premature ejaculation diagnostic tool, IDF & AHA/NHLBI: International Diabetes Federation and the American Heart Association/National Heart, Lung, and Blood, ED: erectile dysfunction, WHO: World Health Organization, BMI: body mass index, IELT: intravaginal ejaculatory delay time, WC: waist circumference, FBS: fasting blood sugar, TG: triglyceride, HDL-C: higher high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, ISSM: International Society for Sexual Medicine, APE: acquired pemature ejaculation, hs-CRP: high sensitivity C-reactive protein, -: not available.