Table 4. Studies investigating the relationship between pituitary gland disorders and PE in men.

Study	Year	Definition of PE	Disorder	PE prevalence	Results
Cohen [27]	1997	DMS-III-R	Hypogonadism	-	Plasma testosterone, free testosterone, LH, and FSH levels were decreased in PE.
Laumann et al [80]	1999	DMS-IV	Hypogonadism	21%	Large number of men suffering from hormonal inadequacy.
Corona et al [86]	2009	PE was defined as ejaculation within 1 minute of vaginal intromission (as reported by the patient).	Hypoprolactinemia	26%	Hyperprolactinemic patients exhibited a higher prevalence of MetS, arteriogenic ED, PE, and anxiety.
Corona et al [83]	2010	PE was defined as ejaculation within 1 minute of vaginal intromission (as reported by the patient).	KS	9.5%	Patients with KS have severe ED, HSD, PE, and DE.
El Bardisi et al [84]	2017	2017	KS	22.6%	There is a significantly lower libido and PE in KS.
Ferlin et al [85]	2018	2018	KS	11.30%	KS subjects had significantly fewer areas of sexual desire, sexual intercourse satisfaction, overall satisfaction, and erectile function, compared to controls. There was no difference in the incidence of PE and DE between KS patients and controls.

PE: premature ejaculation, DMS: Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, LH: luteinizing hormone, FSH: follicle stimulating hormone, ED: erectile dysfunction, KS: Klinefelter syndrome, HSD: hypoactive sexual dysfunction, DE: delayed ejaculation, AIPE: Arabic Index for Premature Ejaculation, PEDT: premature ejaculation diagnostic tool, KS: klinefelter syndrome, -: not available.