Table 3. Logistic regression analyses for moderate to severe ED in the entire study cohort (n=534).
| Variable | Univariate analysis | Multivariate analysis | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Unadjusted OR (95% CI) | p-value | Adjusted OR (95%CI) | p-value | ||
| Age (continuous) | 1.061 (1.039–1.084) | <0.001 | |||
| Age (≥60 vs. <60 y) | 2.751 (1.785–4.240) | <0.001 | 1.762 (1.011–3.073) | 0.046 | |
| Body mass index (continuous) | 0.981 (0.925–1.041) | 0.527 | |||
| Body mass index (ref. normal) | |||||
| Overweight | 1.398 (0.762–2.489) | 0.289 | |||
| Obese | 0.794 (0.479–1.315) | 0.371 | |||
| Hypertension (yes vs. no) | 2.099 (1.320–3.338) | 0.002 | 1.845 (1.034–3.290) | 0.038 | |
| Diabetes mellitus (yes vs. no) | 3.298 (1.619–6.718) | 0.001 | 0.983 (0.344–2.814) | 0.975 | |
| Dyslipidemia (yes vs. no) | 0.805 (0.412–1.572) | 0.526 | |||
| IPSS total scores (continuous) | 1.037 (1.010–1.066) | 0.008 | |||
| LUTS severity (moderate to severe vs. mild) | 1.893 (1.173–3.054) | 0.009 | 2.075 (1.134–3.789) | 0.018 | |
| Serum hemoglobin (continuous) | 0.790 (0.665–0.939) | 0.007 | 0.842(0.674–1.053) | 0.131 | |
| ESR (continuous) | 1.019 (0.993–1.046) | 0.149 | |||
| CRP (continuous) | 1.064 (0.906–1.249) | 0.448 | |||
| Serum creatinine (continuous) | 2.589 (0.758–8.848) | 0.129 | |||
| eGFR (continuous) | 0.969 (0.954–0.985) | <0.001 | 0.980 (0.961–0.999) | 0.037 | |
| Total cholesterol (continuous) | 0.994 (0.988–0.999) | 0.027 | 0.996 (0.989–1.004) | 0.322 | |
| PSA (continuous) | 1.098 (0.986–1.222) | 0.089 | |||
| Serum testosterone (continuous) | 0.928 (0.829–1.039) | 0.194 | |||
| Serum albumin (continuous) | 0.500 (0.262–0.954) | 0.036 | 1.286 (0.566–2.922) | 0.548 | |
| HbA1c (continuous) | 1.976 (1.356–2.881) | <0.001 | 1.889 (1.259–2.835) | 0.002 | |
| Serum 25(OH)D level (continuous) | 1.001 (0.979–1.023) | 0.946 | |||
| Serum 25(OH)D level (deficiency vs. no deficiency) | 1.004 (0.658–1.532) | 0.984 | |||
| Qmax (continuous) | 0.966 (0.938–0.995) | 0.023 | 1.045 (0.995–1.096) | 0.076 | |
| Voided volume (continuous) | 0.998 (0.996–0.999) | 0.001 | 0.998 (0.997–1.000) | 0.051 | |
| PVR (continuous) | 1.004 (0.997–1.012) | 0.278 | |||
| Voiding efficiency (continuous) | 0.202 (0.040–1.031) | 0.054 | |||
| Prostate volume (continuous) | 0.996 (0.976–1.016) | 0.696 | |||
ED: erectile dysfunction, OR: odds ratio, CI: confidence interval, IPSS: International Prostate Symptom Score, LUTS: lower urinary tract symptoms, ESR: erythrocyte sedimentation rate, CRP: C-reactive protein, eGFR: estimated glomerular filtration rate, PSA: prostate-specific antigen, HbA1c: hemoglobin A1c, 25(OH)D: 25-hydroxyvitamin D, Qmax: maximal urinary flow rate, PVR: post-voided residual.