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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2022 Jan 16.
Published in final edited form as: J Wildl Dis. 2019 Sep 26;56(1):47–57.

Table 3.

Microtiter neutralization (MN) results for wild birds with hemagglutination inhibiting (HI) antibody titers twofold and onefold higher to clade 2.3.4.4 goose Guangdong lineage highly pathogenic (HP) H5 (GsGD-HP-H5) influenza A virus (IAV) compared to North American lineage low pathogenic (LP) H5 IAV. Also included are wild bird samples that tested HI positive only for North American lineage H5 IAV, experimental, and control sera. Titers with a ≥twofold difference between clade 2.3.4.4 GsGD-HP-H5 and North American lineage LP H5 IAV antigens are in bold.

HI antibody titera
 MN antibody titerb
Species Location LP-rg BWT/TX HP GYR/WA HP Turkey/MN LP-rg BWT/TX HP-rg CHK/Neth HP-rg SNOW/MO
Canada Goose (Branta canadensis)c LeSueur County, Minnesota <16 64 32 <20 <20 20
Mallard (Anas platyrhynchos)c Crawford County, Pennsylvania <16 64 64 40 20 20
Mallardc Carver County, Minnesota 32 128 128 40 160 80
Mallardc Marshall County, Minnesota <16 32 32 <20 40 20
Blue-winged Teal (Anas discors)c Chambers County, Texas <16 32 16 40 <20 <20
Mallardc Yukon-Koyukuk, Alaska <16 16 16 20 <20 <20
Mallardc Marshall County, Minnesota 32 64 64 160 160 80
Mallardc Roseau County, Minnesota <16 <16 16 160 40 20
Canada Goosed Anoka County, Minnesota 256 64 64 320 40 20
Canada Goosed Anoka County, Minnesota 128 <16 <16 160 <20 <20
Mallardd Carver County, Minnesota 64 <16 <16 320 20 20
Mallardd Carver County, Minnesota 64 <16 <16 <20 <20 <20
Mallard 6e Experimental 128 <16 <16 80 <20 <20
Mallard 7e Experimental 128 <16 <16 160 <20 <20
Chickenf NVSL antisera 64 ≥1,024 ≥1,024 <20 640 640
a

HI antigens included HP HP-Turkey/MN = clade 2.3.4.4 H5 HPAI A/Turkey/Minnesota/9845/2014 (H5N2) and HP-GYR/WA = A/Gyrfalcon/Washington/2014 (H5N8). North American H5 LP virus antigen included: LP-rgBWT/TX = reverse genetics-A/Blue-winged Teal/AI12-4150/Texas/2012 (ΔH5N2).

b

MN antigens included: LP-rgBWT/TX, HP-Chick/Neth = rg-A/Chicken/Netherland/EMC-3/2014 (ΔH5N8), and HP-SNOW/MO = rg-A/Snow Goose/Missouri/CC15-84a/2015 (ΔH5N2).

c

Wild bird samples with HI antibody titers twofold and onefold higher to clade 2.3.4.4 GsGD-HP-H5 IAV compared to North American lineage LP H5 IAV.

d

Wild bird samples that tested HI positive only for North American lineage LP H5 IAV.

e

Samples from Mallards experimentally infected with A/Mallard/Minnesota/355779/2000 (H5N2).

f

Control antisera (chicken) to A/Gyrfalcon/Washington/2014 (H5N8) (A/GYR/WA) provided by the National Veterinary Services Laboratories (NVSL), Veterinary Services, US Department of Agriculture.