Table 3.

Adjusted ORs and 95% CIs for the associations between smoking and the components of the metabolic syndrome

Metabolic syndrome components	Discovery stage: TNCHS studya					Replication stage: CHNS studyb
	Cases/Non-cases	CSI categories			P trendc	Cases/Non-cases	CSI categories			P trend c
		Tertile 1	Tertile 2	Tertile 3			Tertile 1	Tertile 2	Tertile 3
		OR (95%Cl)	OR (95%Cl)	OR (95%Cl)			OR (95%Cl)	OR (95%Cl)	OR (95%Cl)
Abdominal obesity	3,477/11,745	0.92 (0.70–1.20)	0.80 (0.61–1.05)	1.12 (0.86–1.47)	0.565	2825/5,740	1.18 (0.93–1.49)	1.11 (0.89–1.40)	0.90 (0.71–1.13)	0.795
High blood pressure	6535/8687	1.97 (1.63–2.39)	2.64 (2.18–3.20)	2.68 (2.19–3.27)	< 0.001	1,155/7410	1.06 (0.88–1.28)	0.92 (0.77–1.10)	0.92 (0.76–1.10)	0.265
High plasma glucose	5,024/10,198	0.91 (0.75–1.11)	1.31 (1.09–1.58)	1.32 (1.09–1.59)	0.001	3,631/4934	0.95 (0.74–1.23)	1.12 (0.89–1.41)	0.81 (0.64–1.02)	0.303
High serum TG	5,088/10,134	0.87 (0.72–1.06)	0.95 (0.78–1.14)	1.04 (0.86–1.26)	0.563	2626/5,939	1.26 (1.05–1.51)	1.26 (1.06–1.50)	0.97 (0.81–1.17)	0.336
Low serum HDL	4269/10,953	1.33 (1.10–1.61)	1.51 (1.25–1.82)	2.00 (1.66–2.41)	< 0.001	1120/7445	1.38 (1.12–1.71)	1.04 (0.83–1.31)	1.05 (0.83–1.33)	0.533

CSI comprehensive smoking index, OR: odds ratio, CI confidence interval, TG triglyceride, HDL high-density lipoprotein;

^aAdjusted for age, body mass index, physical activity, dietary habits;

^bAdjusted for sex, age, body mass index, province, region.;

^cLinear trend was tested by entering the median value of each group of cigarette smoking variables as continuous variables in the models