Skip to main content
. 2022 Jan 15;22:79. doi: 10.1186/s12913-022-07494-5

Table 2.

Classification of identified drug-related problems according to the Pharmaceutical Care Network Europe Foundation

Drug-related problems (DRPs) detected 206
Patients experiencing DRP (%) 108 (71.5)
Cumulative incidence (DRP/patient) 1.36
Incidence density rate (DRP/1000 patient-days) 89.22
Potential or manifest problems
P1.2 Effect of drug treatment not optimal 38 (18.44%)
P2.1 Adverse drug event occurring 159 (77.18%)
P3.1 Problem with cost-effectiveness of the treatment 5 (2.27%)
P3.2 Unnecessary drug-treatment 4 (1.94%)
DRP causes
Drug Selection 83 (40.29%)
C1.2 Inappropriate drug (within guidelines but otherwise contra-indicated) 9 (4.36%)
C1.4 Inappropriate combination of drugs or drugs and herbal medication 73 (35.43%)
C1.5 Inappropriate duplication of therapeutic group or active ingredient 1 (0.48%)
Dose Selection 112 (54.36%)
C3.1 Drug dose too low 30 (14.56%)
C3.2 Drug dose too high 50 (24.27%)
C3.3 Dosage regimen not frequent enough 7 (3.39%)
C3.4 Dosage regimen too frequent 21 (10.19%)
C3.5 Dose timing instructions wrong, unclear or missing 4 (1.94%)
Drug use process 11 (5.33%)
C6.1 Inappropriate timing of administration and/or dosing intervals 8 (3.88%)
Other 3 (1.45%)
The planned interventions at prescriber level
I1.1 Prescriber informed only 32 (15.53%)
I1.3 Intervention proposed to prescriber 174 (84.46%)
The planned interventions at drug level
I3.1 Drug changed 12 (5.82%)
I3.2 Dosage changed 117 (56.79%)
I3.4 Instructions for use changed 10 (4.85%)
I3.5 Drug stopped 23 (11.16%)
I3.6 New drug started 12 (5.82%)
Acceptance of the intervention proposals
A1.1 Intervention accepted and fully implemented 158 (90.80%)
A1.2 Intervention accepted, partially implemented 5 (2.87%)
A1.3 Intervention accepted but not implemented 5 (2.87%)
A2.1 Intervention not accepted: not feasible 2 (1.14%)
A2.2 Intervention not accepted: no agreement 2 (1.14%)
A3.1 Intervention proposed, acceptance unknown 2 (1.14%)
Outcome of intervention
O1.1 Problem totally solved 165 (80.09%)
O2.1 Problem partially solved 17 (8.25%)
O3.2 Problem not solved, lack of cooperation of prescriber 6 (2.91%)
O3.4 No need or possibility to solve problem 18 (8.73%)