Hemmati 2011.
Methods | Randomised controlled trial | |
Participants | 24 women were included (12 experimental and 12 control). All participants were from a convenience sample of friends and family. | |
Interventions | Motor control exercise versus no treatment | |
Outcomes | Pain (NRS 0 to 10) Disability (Oswestry Disability Index (ODI)) |
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Notes | Data were extracted by a Persian translator | |
Risk of bias | ||
Bias | Authors' judgement | Support for judgement |
Random sequence generation (selection bias) | Low risk | Adequate random sequence generation used |
Allocation concealment (selection bias) | Unclear risk | Not mentioned |
Blinding of participants and personnel (performance bias) All outcomes | High risk | No mention of any attempts to blind the participants |
Blinding of personnel/care provider (performance bias) All outcomes | High risk | No mention of any attempts to blind the care provider |
Blinding of outcome assessment (detection bias) All outcomes | Unclear risk | No mention of any attempts to blind the assessor |
Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) All outcomes | Unclear risk | There is no mention of loss to follow‐up or how many were included at the follow‐up |
Intention‐to‐treat analysis | Unclear risk | No mention of intention‐to‐treat analysis |
Selective reporting (reporting bias) | Low risk | No previous protocol or trial registration, but it was clear that the published report included all expected outcomes |
Group similarity at baseline (selection bias) | Low risk | Patients did not differ in their baseline characteristics |
Co‐interventions (performance bias) | Unclear risk | Not mentioned |
Compliance (performance bias) | Unclear risk | Not mentioned |
Timing of outcome assessment (detection bias) | Unclear risk | Not mentioned |