| Study | Reason for exclusion |
|---|---|
| Aasa 2015 | Not MCE or mixed intervention |
| ACTRN12609000293268 | Not MCE or mixed intervention |
| ACTRN12609000334202 | Not MCE or mixed intervention |
| Aggarwal 2010 | Not non‐specific LBP patients |
| Ahmed 2014 | All groups received MCE |
| Ali 2006 | Not MCE or mixed intervention |
| Allison 2012 | Not a RCT |
| Aluko 2013 | Acute LBP |
| Ammar 2011 | Not MCE or mixed intervention |
| Andrusaitis 2011 | Not MCE or mixed intervention |
| Appling 2009 | Not a RCT |
| Barbosa 2013 | Not a RCT |
| Belcher 1998 | Not non‐specific LBP patients |
| Bentsen 1997 | Not MCE or mixed intervention |
| Bi 2013 | Not MCE or mixed intervention |
| Bilgin 2013 | Not non‐specific LBP patients. |
| Bordiak 2012 | Not non‐specific LBP patients |
| Brennan 2006 | Acute LBP |
| Bronfort 1996 | Not MCE or mixed intervention |
| Bronfort 2011 | Not MCE or mixed intervention |
| Brooks 2012 | Not MCE or mixed intervention |
| Brox 2003 | Not MCE or mixed intervention |
| Buchbinder 2002 | Not a RCT |
| Byuon 2012 | Not MCE or mixed intervention |
| Cairns 2003 | Not MCE or mixed intervention |
| Chan 2011 | Not MCE or mixed intervention |
| Childs 2009 | Not non‐specific LBP patients |
| Childs 2010 | Not non‐specific LBP patients |
| Cho 2014 | Not MCE or mixed intervention |
| Chung 2013 | Not MCE or mixed intervention |
| Croft 1999 | Not a RCT |
| Dehner 2009 | Not a RCT |
| Descarreaux 2002 | Not MCE or mixed intervention |
| Donzelli 2006 | Not MCE or mixed intervention |
| Dufour 2010 | Not MCE or mixed intervention |
| Durante 2010 | Not MCE or mixed intervention |
| Dvorak 2011 | Not MCE or mixed intervention |
| Earde 2014 | Did not evaluate any relevant outcome for this review |
| Ewert 2009 | Not non‐specific LBP patients |
| Faas 1993 | Not MCE or mixed intervention |
| Faas 1995 | Not MCE or mixed intervention |
| Freitas 2008 | Not MCE or mixed intervention |
| Gagnon 2005 | Not MCE or mixed intervention |
| Gatti 2011 | Not MCE or mixed intervention |
| George 2011 | Not non‐specific LBP patients |
| Gustafsson 2008 | Not a RCT |
| Guven 2003 | Not non‐specific LBP patients |
| Hagen 2010 | Not MCE or mixed intervention |
| Hansen 1993 | Not MCE or mixed intervention |
| Harkapaa 1989 | Not MCE or mixed intervention |
| Harringe 2007 | Not a RCT |
| Harts 2008 | Not MCE or mixed intervention |
| Helewa 1999 | Not MCE or mixed intervention |
| Helmhout 2004 | Not MCE or mixed intervention |
| Henchoz 2010 | Not MCE or mixed intervention |
| Hides 1996 | Patients with acute low back pain |
| Hides 2001 | Patients with acute low back pain |
| Hides 2008 | Not a RCT |
| Hunter 2012 | Not MCE or mixed intervention |
| Hurwitz 2005 | Not a RCT |
| Hwang 2013 | Not MCE or mixed intervention |
| ISRCTN80064281 | Not MCE or mixed intervention |
| Jang 2013 | Not MCE or mixed intervention |
| Javadian 2015 | Did not evaluate any relevant outcome for this review |
| Johannsen 1995 | Not MCE or mixed intervention |
| Johnson 2007 | Not MCE or mixed intervention |
| Jones 2007 | Not MCE or mixed intervention |
| Kaapa 2006 | Not MCE or mixed intervention |
| Karimi 2009 | Not MCE or mixed intervention |
| Kladny 2003 | Not non‐specific LBP patients |
| Kline 2013 | Not MCE or mixed intervention |
| Kofotolis 2008 | Not MCE or mixed intervention |
| Koldas 2008 | Not MCE or mixed intervention |
| Kumar 2011 | Not MCE or mixed intervention |
| Kumar 2012 | Not a RCT |
| Kuukkanen 1996 | Not a RCT |
| Lee 2015 | Not non‐specific LBP patients |
| Lewis 2005 | All groups received MCE |
| Lie 1999 | Not MCE or mixed intervention |
| Long 2004 | Not MCE or mixed intervention |
| Magnusson 2008 | Not a RCT |
| Mannion 1999 | Not MCE or mixed intervention |
| Mannion 2009 | Not a RCT |
| Mannion 2012 | Not a RCT |
| Marshall 2008 | Not MCE or mixed intervention |
| Mohseni‐Bandpei 2011 | Not MCE or mixed intervention |
| Monteiro 2009 | Not a RCT |
| Monticone 2004 | Not non‐specific LBP patients |
| Moseley 2002b | Not MCE or mixed intervention |
| Moseley 2003 | All groups received MCE |
| Moussouli 2014 | Not a RCT |
| Navalgund 2009 | Not a RCT |
| NCT00624533 | Not MCE or mixed intervention |
| NCT01061632 | All groups received MCE |
| Nelson 1995 | Not MCE or mixed intervention |
| Nelson‐Wong 2009 | Not a RCT |
| Niemisto 2003 | Not MCE or mixed intervention |
| Niemisto 2004 | Not MCE or mixed intervention |
| Niemisto 2005 | Not MCE or mixed intervention |
| Norris 2008 | Not a RCT |
| O'Sullivan 1997 | Not non‐specific LBP patients |
| Oguzhan 2011 | Not MCE or mixed intervention |
| Ota 2011 | Not a RCT |
| Pereira 2010 | Not a RCT |
| Riipinen 2005 | Not MCE or mixed intervention |
| Rydeard 2006 | Not MCE or mixed intervention |
| Saner 2011 | Not MCE or mixed intervention |
| Saner 2015 | Not MCE or mixed intervention |
| Shakeri 2013 | Not non‐specific LBP patients |
| Shnayderman 2012 | Not non‐specific LBP patients |
| Shnayderman 2013 | Not MCE or mixed intervention |
| Smeets 2009 | Not a RCT |
| Smith 2011 | Not MCE or mixed intervention |
| Sokunbi 2008 | Not MCE or mixed intervention |
| Streicher 2014 | Not a RCT |
| Stuge 2004 | Not non‐specific LBP patients |
| Suni 2006 | Not MCE or mixed intervention |
| Teyhen 2010 | Not non‐specific LBP patients |
| Torstensen 1998 | Not MCE or mixed intervention |
| Trampas 2014 | All groups received MCE |
| Wang 2012b | Not MCE or mixed intervention |
| Willemink 2012 | Not MCE or mixed intervention |
| Williamson 2008 | Not MCE or mixed intervention |
| Xueqiang 2012 | Not MCE or mixed intervention |
| Yang 2010 | Not a RCT |
| Yelland 2004 | Not MCE or mixed intervention |
| Yoo 2012 | Not MCE or mixed intervention |
| You 2014 | Not MCE or mixed intervention |
| Zhang 2015 | Not MCE or mixed intervention |
LBP: low back pain MCE: motor control exercise RCT: randomised controlled trial