Table 1.
Baseline characteristics
| N (%) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Cluster-level | Overall N = 66 |
Intervention N = 33 |
Comparison N = 33 |
| Sub-county | |||
| Bondo | 18 (27.3) | 9 (27.3) | 9 (27.3) |
| Rarieda | 12 (18.2) | 6 (18.2) | 6 (18.2) |
| Siaya | 36 (54.5) | 18 (54.5) | 18 (54.5) |
| Cluster type | |||
| Beach | 16 (24.2) | 8 (24.2) | 8 (24.2) |
| Hotspot | 50 (75.8) | 25 (75.8) | 25 (75.8) |
| Participant-level | Overalla N = 2,086 |
Interventiona N = 1,054 |
Comparisona N = 1,032 |
| Demographics | |||
| Age, median (IQR) | 25 (22-31) | 26 (22-31) | 25 (22-31) |
| Education | |||
| Some Primary or less | 665 (31.9) | 343 (32.5) | 322 (31.2) |
| Primary | 631 (30.3) | 310 (29.4) | 321 (31.1) |
| Some Secondary | 389 (18.6) | 189 (17.9) | 200 (19.4) |
| Secondary/High School or more | 401 (19.2) | 212 (20.1) | 189 (18.3) |
| Marital status | |||
| Married | 1,345 (64.5) | 657 (62.3) | 688 (66.7) |
| In a relationship, but not married | 198 (9.5) | 111 (10.5) | 87 (8.4) |
| Single | 387 (18.5) | 205 (19.5) | 182 (17.6) |
| Divorced or Widowed | 156 (7.5) | 81 (7.7) | 75 (7.3) |
| Primary source of income | |||
| Sales and service | 688 (33.0) | 348 (33.0) | 340 (32.9) |
| Sex work | 322 (15.4) | 153 (14.5) | 169 (16.4) |
| Unskilled manual labor | 241 (11.6) | 146 (13.9) | 95 (9.2) |
| Fishing/fish trade | 210 (10.1) | 108 (10.2) | 102 (9.9) |
| Skilled manual labor | 157 (7.5) | 80 (7.6) | 77 (7.5) |
| Agriculture | 116 (5.6) | 56 (5.3) | 60 (5.8) |
| Informal/seasonal work | 64 (3.1) | 28 (2.7) | 36 (3.5) |
| Domestic work | 40 (1.9) | 19 (1.8) | 21 (2.0) |
| Professional/Salary work | 33 (1.6) | 15 (1.4) | 18 (1.7) |
| Student | 69 (3.3) | 36 (3.4) | 33 (3.2) |
| Unemployed | 140 (6.7) | 62 (5.9) | 78 (7.6) |
| Other | 3 (0.1) | 2 (0.2) | 1 (0.1) |
| Don’t Know/Refused | 3 (0.1) | 1 (0.1) | 2 (0.2) |
| Sex work is another source of incomeb | 1,068 (51.2) | 594 (56.4) | 474 (45.9) |
| Typical one-month income in U.S. $, median (IQR) | 30 (20, 60) | 30 (20, 60) | 30 (18, 55) |
| Household size, mean (range) | 5.0 (1-16) | 4.9 (1-16) | 5.0 (1-13) |
| Number of people participant currently supports, median (IQR) | 3 (1, 4) | 3 (1, 4) | 3 (1, 4) |
| Has regularly eaten at least two meals a day in the past month | 1,979 (94.9) | 999 (94.8) | 980 (95.0) |
| Health and health behaviors | |||
| Drank alcohol at all in the past 12 months | 461 (22.1) | 242 (23.0) | 219 (21.3) |
| Moderately severe or severe depression (PHQ-9)c | 38 (1.8) | 27 (2.6) | 11 (1.1) |
| Age at first sexual encounter, mean (SD) | 16 (2.2) | 16 (2.3) | 16 (2.2) |
| Used condom during last sexual encounter | 750 (35.9) | 388 (36.8) | 362 (35.0) |
| Diagnosed with an STI in the past 6 mo. | 25 (1.2) | 15 (1.4) | 10 (1.0) |
| Uses PrEP | 35 (1.7) | 18 (1.7) | 17 (1.7) |
| Ever used an HIV self-test prior to Jikinge study | 31 (1.5) | 13 (1.2) | 18 (1.7) |
| Sexual behavior and IPV | |||
| Number of sexual partners in the past month, median (IQR) | 2 (2, 3) | 2 (2, 3) | 2 (2, 3) |
| Have had a primary partner in past month | 1,997 (95.7) | 1,010 (95.8) | 987 (95.6) |
| Number of non-primary sexual partners in the past month, median (IQR) | 1 (1, 2) | 1 (1, 2) | 1 (1, 2) |
| Ever engaged in transactional sex | 1,980 (95.9) | 998 (94.7) | 982 (95.2) |
| Number of transactional sex partners in the past month, median (IQR) | 2 (1, 2) | 2 (1, 2) | 2 (1, 2) |
| Experienced intimate partner violence in the past 12 months | 1,052 (50.4) | 533 (50.6) | 519 (50.3) |
| HIV testing | |||
| Participant tested for HIV in the past 12 months | 1,885 (90.4) | 956 (90.7) | 929 (90.0) |
| Participant’s primary partner tested for HIV in the past 12 monthsd | 1,160 (58.1) | 563 (55.7) | 597 (60.5) |
Data are n (%), median (IQR), mean (SD), or mean (range). Percentages may not sum to 100 due to rounding. PHQ-9=Patient Health Questionnaire-9.
a
Four baseline surveys were lost after participant enrollment. Three from the Intervention arm, and one from the Comparison arm.
b
Among individuals whose primary source of income was not sex work. Overall N = 1,068; Intervention N = 594; Comparison N = 474.
c
Modified version of the PHQ-9. Among those who completed modified PHQ-9 questionnaire: Overall N = 2,070; Intervention N = 1,044; Comparison N = 1,026.
d
Among individuals who reported having a primary partner. Overall N = 1,997; Intervention N = 1,010; Comparison N = 987.