Table 4. Effects of soil in which GM tomato was grown on lettuce growth.

		September–December 2018		p	April–July 2019		p
		Non-GM	GM (5B)		Non-GM	GM (5B)
Hypocotyl	(cm)	0.84±0.03 (n=85)a	0.83±0.04 (n=55)	0.904	1.18±0.03 (n=116)	1.16±0.03 (n=115)	0.615
Root	(cm)	3.73±0.19 (n=85)	3.01±0.24 (n=55)	0.020*	4.56±0.12 (n=116)	3.95±0.11 (n=113)	<0.001**
Germination rate	(%)	40.9±10.6 (n=13)b	26.4±10.1 (n=13)	0.336	90.6±4.1 (n=8)	89.8±3.5 (n=8)	0.887

The values are the means±SEs. a: The number of lettuce seedlings that germinated and were used for the measurements. b: The number of pots filled with soil after tomato cultivation. Sixteen lettuce seeds were sown in each pot, and their germination rates were determined. * indicates a significant difference between the non-GM and the GM tomato at p<0.05 according to Student’s t-test. ** indicates a significant difference between non-GM and GM individual tomato plants at p<0.01 according to Student's t-test.