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. 2021 Dec 25;38(4):453–455. doi: 10.5511/plantbiotechnology.21.0925a

Figure 1. Effects of foliar application of proanthocyanidins on GFP-tagged tomato mosaic virus (ToMV) virions. Nicotiana benthamiana plants were treated with water and 1,000 ppm of proanthocyanidins from Alpinia zerumbet (AzPAC), apple (ApPAC), and green tea (GtPAC) and then inoculated with GFP-tagged ToMV 3 days after treatment. The number of GFP spots formed on the inoculated leaves was counted at 3 days post-inoculation, and the protected value of each application was calculated. Bars indicate the standard error (SE). The experiment was independently performed twice (n>3 per experiment). The differences between the control and treated plants were statistically significant (p<0.01). Different letters represent a statistically significant difference (p<0.05).

Figure 1. Effects of foliar application of proanthocyanidins on GFP-tagged tomato mosaic virus (ToMV) virions. Nicotiana benthamiana plants were treated with water and 1,000 ppm of proanthocyanidins from Alpinia zerumbet (AzPAC), apple (ApPAC), and green tea (GtPAC) and then inoculated with GFP-tagged ToMV 3 days after treatment. The number of GFP spots formed on the inoculated leaves was counted at 3 days post-inoculation, and the protected value of each application was calculated. Bars indicate the standard error (SE). The experiment was independently performed twice (n>3 per experiment). The differences between the control and treated plants were statistically significant (p<0.01). Different letters represent a statistically significant difference (p<0.05).