Table 2.
Descriptive non-psychedelic user and PM user health, quality of life and health-seeking behavior, US Adult population 2020/21 (weighted).
| Sig. | Non-psychedelic user | PM user | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Health | |||
| Body mass index (BMI) in lbs/in2, mean (SD) | *** | 28.16 (7.11) | 26.01 (5.43) |
| Comorbidities+, mean (SD) | 4.07 (3.66) | 4.20 (3.10) | |
| Specific comorbidities++ | |||
| Depression, % (95%CI) | *** | 28.3 (27.2–29.5) | 56.8 (47.5–65.7) |
| Anxiety, % (95%CI) | *** | 32.8 (31.6–34.0) | 49.1 (40.0–58.3) |
| Chronic pain incl. back, neck, % (95%CI) | 44.5 (43.3–45.8) | 46.7 (37.6–55.9) | |
| Allergies, % (95%CI) | 28.7 (27.6–29.9) | 32.2 (24.3–41.1) | |
| Migraines or severe headaches, % (95%CI) | *** | 18.6 (17.6–19.6) | 31.2 (23.3–40.5) |
| Insomnia, % (95%CI) | * | 20.6 (19.6–21.7) | 30.0 (22.2–39.0) |
| Hypertension, % (95%CI) | 23.6 (22.5–24.7) | 16.8 (11.0–24.7) | |
| Diarrhea, chronic, or more than occasional, % (95%CI) | 14.2 (13.3–15.1) | 10.7 (6.3–17.5) | |
| Sleep apnea, % (95%CI) | 8.2 (7.5–8.9) | 10.1 (5.8–17.1) | |
| Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), % (95%CI) | 13.6 (12.7–14.5) | 9.7 (5.3–16.9) | |
| Constipation, chronic, or more than occasional, % (95%CI) | 13.7 (12.8–14.6) | 8.9 (5.0–15.3) | |
| Hyperlipidemia, % (95%CI) | 15.5 (14.6–16.5) | 8.7 (4.6–15.6) | |
| CCI score, mean (SD) | 0.48 (1.04) | 0.60 (0.98) | |
| Anxiety (GAD-7 score), mean (SD) | *** | 5.88 (5.79) | 9.62 (5.76) |
| Anxiety (GAD-7 ≥10), % (95%CI) | *** | 25.3 (24.2–26.4) | 50.2 (41.0–59.3) |
| Depression (PHQ-9 score), mean (SD) | *** | 6.75 (6.79) | 11.23 (6.99) |
| Depression (PHQ-9 ≥10), % (95%CI) | *** | 29.5 (28.4–30.7) | 56.1 (46.6–65.0) |
| Health-related quality of life | |||
| Veterans-RAND 12-item (VR-12) | |||
| Mental health composite score (MCS), mean (SD) (t-score) | *** | 45.53 (12.44) | 39.49 (11.25) |
| Physical health composite score (PCS), mean (SD) (t-score) | * | 45.28 (10.45) | 43.51 (9.24) |
| Health utility (VR-6D), mean (SD) | *** | 0.69 (0.12) | 0.63 (0.10) |
| Health-seeking behavior | |||
| Primary care physician visit, % (95%CI) | 52.4 (51.1–53.7) | 51.1 (41.9–60.3) | |
| Specialist, % (95%CI) | 28.6 (27.5–29.8) | 23.2 (16.4–31.7) | |
| Other healthcare provider, % (95%CI)+++ | * | 19.7 (18.7–20.7) | 28.2 (20.7–37.1) |
| Urgent care, % (95%CI)++++ | *** | 9.9 (9.2–10.7) | 20.8 (14.3–29.3) |
| Outpatient procedure or surgery, % (95%CI) | 8.6 (7.9–9.3) | 7.2 (3.5–14.2) | |
| Emergency department, % (95%CI)+++++ | 10.1 (9.4–10.9) | 12.9 (8.1–20.1) | |
| Hospitalization, % (95%CI) | ** | 3.9 (3.4–4.4) | 9.2 (5.2–15.8) |
*
p < 0.05;
**
p < 0.01; and
***
p < 0.001.
+
Comorbid conditions were self-reported and experienced within the past year.
++
The 10 most reported conditions for each cohort are reported in descending order for the PM cohort.
+++
Other healthcare providers include nurses, pharmacists, and other allied health professionals.
++++
Urgent care is care for non-life-threatening emergencies (e.g., an injury that does not appear life threatening but cannot wait until the next day) provided in an urgent care setting.
+++++
Emergency departments provide care for life-threatening emergencies.