Table 1.
Bacterial and plant changes due to perceived stress and their role in symbiosis.
| Stress | Response | Symbiotic relevance |
|---|---|---|
| Bacteria/Pathogen | Flavonoid | Nod factor induction |
| NCRs | Bacteroid differentiation | |
| Innate immune response | Oxidative burst (see ROS) | |
| Flavonoid | Nod factor | Calcium spiking |
| Salt/Ion stress | Nod factor | Calcium spiking |
| EPS-I | IT development | |
| Osmotic | cyclic β(1–2) glucans | Attachment/ IT formation |
| Intracellular Potassium concentration | Nitrogenase induction | |
| Acidic pH | actR/S | fixK/nifA |
| exoR/S/I | EPS-I | |
| Nod factor profile | Legume host range | |
| Reactive oxygen species | EPS-I | IT development |
| Membrane crosslinking | IT development | |
| Low oxygen | Intracellular potassium | Nitrogenase induction |
| Fix genes | Nitrogenase induction | |
| LPS modification | Legume host range |