Table 1.

Autophagy-mediated antiviral immune responses.

Host	Virus	Viral protein(s)	Host protein(s)	Functions	References
Animal	SINV	Capsid	p62; LC3	p62 adaptor protein mediates autophagic viral protein clearance, thus promoting cell survival	(Orvedahl et al., 2010)
	SINV	Capsid	SMURF1	Acts as a mediator of virophagy	(Orvedahl et al., 2011)
	SINV	Capsid	FANCC	Interacts with the capsid protein, facilitating virophagy	(Sumpter et al., 2016)
	HIV-1	Tat	p62	Selective degradation of Tat in a ubiquitin-independent manner	(Sagnier et al., 2015)
	IAV containing avian PB2	PB2; vRNP	p62; LC3	p62 targets vRNP to form an autophagosome through interaction with viral PB2	(Liu et al., 2021)
	IBDV	VP2	p62; LC3	p62 mediates the selective autophagic degradation of VP2, thus targeting IBDV replication	(Li et al., 2020b)
	HCV	NS5A	Scotin; LC3	Scotin recruits the NS5A protein to autophagosomes for degradation	(Kim et al., 2016)
	HIV-1	Capsid	TRIM5α; ATG8s	TRIM5α functions both as a regulator of autophagy and as an autophagic cargo receptor mediating HIV-1 restriction	(Mandell et al., 2014a; Mandell et al., 2014b; Ribeiro et al., 2016)
Plant	CLCuMuV	βC1	ATG8f	ATG8f targets βC1 for degradation	(Haxim et al., 2017)
	TLCYnV	C1	ATG8h; XPO1	ATG8h interacts with C1, directing it for degradation in an XPO1-mediated, nuclear export pathway-dependent manner	(Li et al., 2020a)
	CaMV	P4 and viral particles	NBR1; ATG8a	NBR1 targets P4 and viral particles, thus mediating their autophagy-dependent degradation	(Hafren et al., 2017)
	TuMV	HCPro	NBR1; ATG8a	HCPro is selectively degraded by the autophagy pathway through binding with NBR1	(Hafren et al., 2018)
	TuMV	NIb	Beclin1; ATG8a	Beclin1 interacts with Nib, targeting it for selective degradation	(Li et al., 2018)
	RSV	p3	P3IP; ATG8f	P3IP directs the selective autophagic degradation of p3 through interaction with ATG8, thereby limiting virus infection	(Jiang et al., 2021)
	CMV	2b	rgs-CaM; ATG8	rgs-CaM interacts with 2b for autophagy degradation	(Nakahara et al., 2012)