Table 3.
Comparison of blood parameters between delta variant COVID-19 patients and wild-type infection (*) or partially vaccinated delta variant patients (Δ) or fully vaccinated delta variant patients (∥).
| Normal range | p* | Wild type (n = 341)* | Delta variant unvaccinated (n = 120) | Delta variant partially vaccinated (n = 60)Δ | p Δ | Delta variant fully vaccinated (n = 156)∥ | p ∥ | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Blood cell count | ||||||||
| White blood cells, × 109/L | 3.5–9.5 | <0.0001 | 6.2 (4.7–8.0) | 4.8 (3.8–5.7) | 5.2 (3.9–6.5) | 0.246 | 5.4 (4.2–6.6) | 0.008 |
| Neutrophils, × 109/L | 1.8–6.3 | <0.0001 | 4.5 (2.9–6.3) | 3.0 (2.1–4.1) | 3.2 (2.5–4.7) | 0.091 | 3.5 (2.7–4.7) | 0.002 |
| Lymphocytes, × 109/L | 1.1–3.2 | 0.060 | 1.1 (0.7–1.5) | 1.2 (0.9–1.5) | 1.0 (0.7–1.4) | 0.044 | 1.1 (0.8–1.5) | 0.463 |
| Monocytes, × 109/L | 0.1–0.6 | <0.001 | 0.4 (0.3–0.6) | 0.5 (0.4–0.7) | 0.5 (0.4–0.7) | 0.995 | 0.5 (0.4–0.6) | 0.782 |
| Platelet, × 109/L | 125–350 | <0.0001 | 193.0 (139.0–261.0) | 156.0 (130.0–199.3) | 162.0 (108.5–202.0) | 0.952 | 181.5 (140.3–230.5) | <0.001 |
| Metabolic panel | ||||||||
| C-reaction protein, mg/L | 0–10 | <0.0001 | 25.6 (12.8–64.5) | 10.9 (2.5–29.2) | 16.3 (6.0–27.7) | 0.133 | 12.3 (3.7–30.5) | 0.735 |
| Alanine aminotransferase, U/L | 9–50 | <0.0001 | 25.7 (17.8–40.7) | 19.5 (12.4–29.7) | 17.4 (11.6–27.8) | 0.792 | 17.1 (11.6–30.4) | 0.539 |
| Aspartate aminotransferase, U/L | 15–40 | 0.685 | 26.9 (16.2–46.0) | 23.7 (19.1–37.8) | 22.7 (18.5–33.0) | 0.585 | 19.9 (15.7–28.0) | <0.001 |
| Alkaline phosphatase, U/L | 32–126 | <0.0001 | 70.0 (55.0–97.5) | 84.5 (72.0–104.0) | 80.5 (65.5–101.5) | 0.164 | 75.0 (65.0–93.0) | 0.001 |
| γ-glutamyl transferase, U/L | 12–73 | <0.0001 | 48.0 (27.0–74.5) | 23.0 (15.0–46.0) | 25.5 (16.0–42.0) | 0.676 | 21.0 (14.0–37.0) | 0.251 |
| Adenosine deaminase, U/L | 0–25 | 0.222 | 14.3 (11.2–18.1) | 14.0 (12.0–18.0) | 14.0 (12.0–17.0) | 0.248 | 13.0 (11.0–15.0) | <0.0001 |
| Blood urea nitrogen, mmol/L | 2.86–8.2 | 0.758 | 4.7 (3.5–6.2) | 4.6 (3.7–5.7) | 4.8 (3.7–6.1) | 0.834 | 4.2 (3.3–5.3) | 0.004 |
| Creatinine, mmol/L | 31.7–133 | <0.0001 | 62.5 (51.2–77.0) | 74.0 (62.0–89.5) | 72.5 (64.5–88.8) | 0.712 | 67.0 (59.0–81.8) | 0.012 |
| Biomarkers | ||||||||
| Lactic dehydrogenase, U/L | 80–285 | <0.0001 | 373.0 (227.8–542.5) | 201.5 (177.0–247.0) | 198.5 (180.3–240.5) | 0.674 | 191.0 (166.0–228.5) | 0.014 |
| Creatine phosphokinase, U/L | 38–174 | <0.001 | 67.0 (47.5–120.5) | 94.0 (60.0–146.8) | 83.5 (63.0–133.0) | 0.915 | 85.5 (58.0–122.5) | 0.393 |
| Creatine kinase isoenzyme, U/L | 0–25 | <0.0001 | 47.3 (24.3–72.4) | 13.2 (10.6–15.7) | 12.5 (9.9–15.6) | 0.244 | 12.5 (10.3–16.9) | 0.620 |
| Procalcitonin, ng/mL | <0.1 | <0.0001 | 0.91 (0.38–1.63) | 0.04 (0.02–0.05) | 0.04 (0.03–0.07) | 0.276 | 0.04 (0.02–0.05) | 0.599 |
| Coagulation factors | ||||||||
| Prothrombin time, s | 9–13 | <0.0001 | 13.6 (12.8–14.3) | 12.0 (11.6–12.5) | 11.9 (11.4–12.2) | 0.147 | 12.0 (11.4–12.6) | 0.751 |
| International normalized ratio | 0.8–1.2 | <0.001 | 1.08 (1.01–1.18) | 1.05 (1.01–1.09) | 1.04 (0.99–1.06) | 0.137 | 1.05 (0.99–1.10) | 0.790 |
| Activated partial thromboplastin time, s | 23.3–32.5 | 0.333 | 30.3 (28.2–32.0) | 30.8 (28.0–33.5) | 29.9 (27.5–32.5) | 0.246 | 29.9 (26.7–32.5) | 0.032 |
| Thrombin time, s | 14–21 | <0.0001 | 16.1 (15.1–17.4) | 18.2 (17.4–18.9) | 17.9 (17.1–18.5) | 0.002 | 17.7 (17.1–18.3) | <0.0001 |
| Fibrinogen, g/L | 2–4 | <0.001 | 3.8 (2.7–4.7) | 3.2 (2.6–3.9) | 3.3 (2.9–4.0) | 0.228 | 3.4 (2.8–4.0) | 0.098 |
| D-dimer, mg/L | <0.55 | <0.0001 | 0.74 (0.29–1.92) | 0.39 (0.24–0.56) | 0.42 (0.24–0.62) | 0.914 | 0.35 (0.21–0.53) | 0.216 |