Table 3.
Summary of the main non-criteria autoantibodies in SLE.
| Antibody | Prevalence (%) in SLE patients | Association with disease activity | Clinical association | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Anti-Nucleosome | 70–90 | Yes | Lupus nephritis | [27,36] |
| Anti-Histones | 60–70 | No | Drug induced lupus and lupus nephritis | [40,41,48] |
| Anti-RNP | 25–40 | No | – | [54] |
| Anti-SSA/Ro and anti-SSB/La | 25-30/10-15 | No | Neonatal lupus | [55,69] |
| Anti-Ribosomal P | 15–40 | No | Lupus nephritis and neuropsychiatric symptoms | [74,98,100] |
| Anti-C1q | 30–60 | Yes | Lupus nephritis | [111,115] |
| Anti-PCNA | 1–10 | No | Arthritis and hypocomplementemia | [130,132] |
| Anti-NMDAR | 30 | No | Neuropsychiatric symptoms | [136,137] |
| ANCA | 20–30 | No | Lupus nephritis | [138,139] |
Abbreviations: RNP: Ribonucleoprotein; PCNA: Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen; NMDAR: N-Methyl-d-Aspartate Receptor; ANCA: Anti-Neutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibodies.