Table 3.
Self-reported respiratory- and voice symptoms between groups of adults born EP with- or without LVCP and EP-born controls.
| PDA-surgery | EP-born controls | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Symptoms |
LVCP N = 14 |
No LVCP N = 13 |
OP N = 3 |
p a | N = 23 | p b |
| Hoarse voice, n (%) | 8 (57) | 1 (8) | 3 (100) | 0.01 | 3 (13) | 0.09 |
| Voice affects participation in singing, n (%) | 8 (57) | 1 (8) | 3 (100) | 0.01 | – | |
| Voice that cracks when shouting, n (%) | 7 (50) | 2 (15) | 3 (100) | 0.10 | – | |
| Weak or unclear voice which limits the possibility for being heard in a noisy environment, n (%) | 8 (57) | 4 (31) | 3 (100) | 0.25 | – | |
| Voice affects participation in school-work or social activities, n (%) | 4 (29) | 3 (23) | 3 (100) | 1.00 | – | |
| None of the symptoms above, n (%) | 2 (14) | 9 (69) | 0 (0) | 0.006 | – | |
| Asthma medications last 12 months, n (%) | 3 (21) | 1 (8) | 1 (33) | 0.60 | 4 (17) | 1.00 |
| Breathing problems beyond normal during normal physical exertion, n (%) | 9 (64) | 6 (46) | 3 (100) | 0.45 | 7 (30) | 0.09 |
| “Scraping” sound or abnormal sounds during physical exertion, n (%) | 6 (42) | 2 (15) | 2 (67) | 0.21 | 2 (9) | 0.09 |
EP, extremely preterm (gestational age <28 weeks and/or birthweight <1,000 g); LVCP, left vocal cord paralysis; OP, other pathology; PDA, patent ductus arteriosus. p) Fisher's exact test
a
LVCP vs. no LVCP;
b
PDA-surgery group (LVCP + no LVCP) vs. EP-born controls.