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. 2022 Jan 3;13:751897. doi: 10.3389/fnagi.2021.751897

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Copyright © 2022 Ni and Nitsch.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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In vivo α-synuclein imaging in animal models. (A–E) In vivo binding of (d₃)-[¹¹C]MODAG-001 in α-synuclein-inoculated rats. Coronal and transversal PET images (2.5–60 min) (A). Images show increased tracer accumulation in the α-synuclein fibril-inoculated right striatum compared with the vehicle-injected contralateral striatum. Thioflavin-S staining (B) indicated α-synuclein fibrils in the right striatum of fibril-inoculated rats (B). (C–E) Time activity curves of (d₃)-[¹¹C]MODAG-001 higher signal in the right (α-synuclein injected) than left (vehicle injected) striatum; α-SYN, α-synuclein; rSTR, right striatum; ThS, thioflavin S; Ctrl, control; SUV, standardized uptake value, DVR-1, distribution volume ratio-1; VOI, voxel of interest; Reproduced from Kuebler et al. (2021) with permission from Springer Nature. (F) [¹⁸F]DABTA-11 PET images in E46K rats show accumulation of the tracer in the medulla oblongata. The accumulation is apparent even at 2 months of age and is more prominent at 6 and 12 months of age with detectable uptake in the substantia nigra. PET/MRI and rat brain atlas confirm the regional uptake of the tracer. Reproduced from Yousefi et al. (2016) and Aboagye and Kraeber-Bodéré (2017) with permission from Springer Nature. (G,H) small-animal PET imaging with [¹⁸F]BF227, [¹⁸F]2FBox, and [¹⁸F]4FBox in control and fibril-injected rats. (G) Summed PET images were coregistered with CT images, and the radioactivity index was reflected by a color scale representing %ID/g. ThS fluorescence staining of Aβ42 and α-syn fibrils injected in the striata is presented (white arrows), with the corresponding stereotaxic brain atlas region (green stars representing injection sites). Scale bar represents 1 mm on ThS fluorescence staining. (H) Time activity curves (expressed in %ID/g over time) for each radiotracer are presented. Values (mean ± SD) were extracted from the striata regions based on an in-house-made MRI atlas that was coregistered to PET-CT images. Reproduced from Verdurand et al. (2018) with permission from American Chemical Society.