Table 2.
Comparison of Surgical Outcomes between the Groups Receiving Surgery First and Neoadjuvant Therapy
| Variable | Unmatched | 1:3 Matched | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Upfront surgery (n=167) | Neoadjuvant therapy (n=35) | p-value | Upfront surgery (n=105) | Neoadjuvant therapy (n=35) | p-value | ||
| Operative method | 0.342 | 0.580 | |||||
| PPPD | 84 (50.3) | 17 (48.6) | 58 (55.2) | 17 (48.6) | |||
| Whipple’s operation | 2 (1.2) | 2 (5.7) | 2 (1.9) | 2 (5.7) | |||
| Distal pancreatectomy | 73 (43.7) | 15 (42.9) | 41 (39.0) | 15 (42.9) | |||
| Total pancreatectomy | 8 (4.8) | 1 (2.9) | 4 (3.8) | 1 (2.9) | |||
| Tumor differentiation | 0.076 | 0.025 | |||||
| Well | 14 (8.4) | 7 (20.0) | 7 (6.7) | 7 (20.0) | |||
| Moderate | 130 (77.8) | 21 (60.0) | 83 (79.0) | 21 (60.0) | |||
| Poor | 23 (13.8) | 7 (20.0) | 15 (14.3) | 7 (20.0) | |||
| Lymphovascular invasion | 68 (40.7) | 7 (20.0) | 0.022 | 55 (52.4) | 7 (20.0) | 0.001 | |
| Perineural invasion | 130 (77.8) | 23 (65.7) | 0.134 | 86 (81.9) | 23 (65.7) | 0.060 | |
| Sampled lymph node | 14.60±9.30 | 15.00±8.50 | 0.809 | 15.00±8.91 | 15.00±8.50 | 1.000 | |
| Positive lymph node | 1.43±2.19 | 0.74±1.38 | 0.075 | 1.66±2.25 | 0.74±1.38 | 0.025 | |
| Positive/sampled node ratio | 0.09±0.14 | 0.05±0.12 | 0.115 | 0.11±0.15 | 0.05±0.12 | 0.038 | |
| Pathologic T stage | 0.026 | 0.009 | |||||
| ≤T1 | 33 (19.8) | 13 (37.1) | 15 (14.3) | 13 (37.1) | |||
| T2 | 109 (65.3) | 21 (60.0) | 77 (73.3) | 21 (60.0) | |||
| T3 | 25 (15.0) | 1 (2.9) | 13 (12.4) | 1 (2.9) | |||
| Pathologic N stage | 0.110 | 0.031 | |||||
| N0 | 86 (51.5) | 22 (62.9) | 43 (41.0) | 22 (62.9) | |||
| N1 | 56 (33.5) | 12 (34.3) | 45 (42.9) | 12 (34.3) | |||
| N2 | 25 (15.0) | 1 (2.9) | 17 (16.2) | 1 (2.9) | |||
| Resection margin status | 0.049 | 0.034 | |||||
| R0 | 86 (51.5) | 26 (74.3) | 52 (49.5) | 26 (74.3) | |||
| R1 | 78 (46.7) | 9 (25.7) | 51 (48.6) | 9 (25.7) | |||
| R2 | 3 (1.8) | 0 | 2 (1.9) | 0 | |||
| Pathologic tumor size, mm | 27.0 (22.0–34.5) | 22.0 (13.5–29.0) | 0.004 | 28.0 (23.0–34.0) | 22.0 (13.5–29.0) | 0.001 | |
Data are presented as number (%), mean±SD, or median (IQR).
PPPD, pylorus preserving pancreaticoduodenectomy; IQR, interquartile range.