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. 2021 Jun 22;16(1):118–128. doi: 10.5009/gnl20301

Table 2.

Comparison of Surgical Outcomes between the Groups Receiving Surgery First and Neoadjuvant Therapy

Variable Unmatched 1:3 Matched
Upfront surgery (n=167) Neoadjuvant therapy (n=35) p-value Upfront surgery (n=105) Neoadjuvant therapy (n=35) p-value
Operative method 0.342 0.580
PPPD 84 (50.3) 17 (48.6) 58 (55.2) 17 (48.6)
Whipple’s operation 2 (1.2) 2 (5.7) 2 (1.9) 2 (5.7)
Distal pancreatectomy 73 (43.7) 15 (42.9) 41 (39.0) 15 (42.9)
Total pancreatectomy 8 (4.8) 1 (2.9) 4 (3.8) 1 (2.9)
Tumor differentiation 0.076 0.025
Well 14 (8.4) 7 (20.0) 7 (6.7) 7 (20.0)
Moderate 130 (77.8) 21 (60.0) 83 (79.0) 21 (60.0)
Poor 23 (13.8) 7 (20.0) 15 (14.3) 7 (20.0)
Lymphovascular invasion 68 (40.7) 7 (20.0) 0.022 55 (52.4) 7 (20.0) 0.001
Perineural invasion 130 (77.8) 23 (65.7) 0.134 86 (81.9) 23 (65.7) 0.060
Sampled lymph node 14.60±9.30 15.00±8.50 0.809 15.00±8.91 15.00±8.50 1.000
Positive lymph node 1.43±2.19 0.74±1.38 0.075 1.66±2.25 0.74±1.38 0.025
Positive/sampled node ratio 0.09±0.14 0.05±0.12 0.115 0.11±0.15 0.05±0.12 0.038
Pathologic T stage 0.026 0.009
≤T1 33 (19.8) 13 (37.1) 15 (14.3) 13 (37.1)
T2 109 (65.3) 21 (60.0) 77 (73.3) 21 (60.0)
T3 25 (15.0) 1 (2.9) 13 (12.4) 1 (2.9)
Pathologic N stage 0.110 0.031
N0 86 (51.5) 22 (62.9) 43 (41.0) 22 (62.9)
N1 56 (33.5) 12 (34.3) 45 (42.9) 12 (34.3)
N2 25 (15.0) 1 (2.9) 17 (16.2) 1 (2.9)
Resection margin status 0.049 0.034
R0 86 (51.5) 26 (74.3) 52 (49.5) 26 (74.3)
R1 78 (46.7) 9 (25.7) 51 (48.6) 9 (25.7)
R2 3 (1.8) 0 2 (1.9) 0
Pathologic tumor size, mm 27.0 (22.0–34.5) 22.0 (13.5–29.0) 0.004 28.0 (23.0–34.0) 22.0 (13.5–29.0) 0.001

Data are presented as number (%), mean±SD, or median (IQR).

PPPD, pylorus preserving pancreaticoduodenectomy; IQR, interquartile range.