Table 3.
Clinical Outcomes of the Enrolled Patients with Indeterminate Stricture
| Case No. | Sex/ age, yr |
Total No. of sessions |
Technical success |
Procedure time (min) |
Findings of SpyDS | Adverse events | Histopathology | Final diagnosis |
Treatment/ follow-up |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | F/76 | 1 | Yes | 25 | Papillary mass with tortuous vessels | No | Adenocarcinoma | CC | Death* |
| 3 | M/64 | 1 | Yes | 27 | Irregular surface and circumferential mass with tumor vessel | No | Adenocarcinoma | Recurred CC | Chemotherapy with metal stenting |
| 4 | M/72 | 1 | Yes | 31 | Circumferential mass with tumor vessel and easy oozing | No | Adenocarcinoma | Recurred CC | Surgery |
| 9 | M/75 | 1 | Yes | 23 | Papillary mass with tortuous vessels | No | Adenocarcinoma | Recurred CC | Chemotherapy with metal stenting |
| 10 | M/75 | 1 | Yes | 24 | Circumferential mass with tumor vessel | No | Adenocarcinoma | CC | Intraductal RFA with metal stenting |
SpyDS, Spyglass DS direct visualization system; F, female; M, male; CC, cholangiocarcinoma; RFA, radiofrequency ablation.
*The patient died 311 days after the procedure from pneumonia, disseminated intravascular coagulation, and acute kidney injury.