Table 1.

Study characteristics

Study ID	At-risk population	Sample size	Age	Female	Ethnicity	Setting (country)	Data collection method	Recruitment technique	Patient involvement	Analysis
Mosor et al 202028	24 ACPA/RF positive with arthralgia (9 FH RA); 10 asymptomatic ACPA/RF positive (1 FH RA)	34	Mean (SD): symptomatic 48.6 (14.4), asymptomatic 61.7 (9.6), total 52.4 (14.4); range 18–81	26	Not reported	Rheumatology centres (15 Austria, 15 Germany, 4 UK)	Semistructured interviews	Individuals were either referred for testing because of symptoms or had a predictive test for RA as part of an extended medical check-up.	English interview guide co-developed with patient research partners; results reviewed by patient research partners.	Thematic
Munro et al 201832	FDRs	5	Mean (SD) 29.4 (12.4)	Not reported	Not reported	Arthritis Consumer Experts/Joint Health Group and Arthritis Research Canada Arthritis Patient Advisory Board (Canada)	Focus group	Marketing and communications lists of the Arthritis Consumer Experts/Joint Health group and Arthritis Research Canada Arthritis Patient Advisory Board mailing lists, or snowballing sampling through the patient participants	Semistructured interview guide informed by consultation with a patient partner	Framework
Newsum et al 201633	4 with CSA (1 ACPA and RF positive; 1 FH RA; 2 seronegative)	4	Mean 37.5, range 24–54	4	Not reported	Secondary care (Netherlands)	Focus group	Randomly selected individuals with arthralgia of <1 year of hand or foot joints without clinical arthritis at physical examination and an increased risk of developing clinical arthritis according to the rheumatologists were approached by telephone and asked to participate in the focus group discussion.	Not reported	IPA
Novotny et al 201329	FDRs; 4 siblings, 14 parents; 2 parents/grandparents	20	Mean (SD) 45 (12), range 21–78	18	Not reported	Hospital rheumatology department (Switzerland)	Semistructured interviews	Announcements in the press to invite FDRs of patients with RA to participate in a cohort study; to encourage participation, the main biomarkers predicting RA were assayed free of charge.	Not reported	Thematic
Simons et al* 201830	FDRs; 6 siblings, 26 parents, 2 siblings/parents	34	Mean (SD) 39 (10.8); Range 21–67	26	32 White, 2 Asian	Secondary care (24 UK, 3 Germany, 7 Austria)	Semi-structured interviews	Patients with RA were approached during their routine secondary care clinic appointments and asked to consider contacting a FDR about participating in an interview study about risk and predictive testing for RA.	Interview schedule was informed by consultation with patient research partners; patient research partners blind coded three transcripts; coding framework discussed with patient research partners.	Thematic
Stack et al 2016* 31	FDRs; 6 siblings, 26 parents, 2 siblings/parents	34	Mean 39, range 21–67	26	32 white, 2 Asian	Secondary care (24 UK, 3 Germany, 7 Austria)	Semistructured interviews	Patients with RA were approached during their routine secondary care clinic appointments and were given a letter to pass on to an FDR of their choosing inviting them to participate in an interview about risk and predictive testing for RA.	Patient research partners reviewed and redrafted the interview schedule and blind coded three transcripts; discussion of the coding framework took place between researchers and patient research partners.	Thematic
van Boheemen et al 202134	ACPA or ACPA and RF positive with arthralgia and no history of clinical arthritis	18	Mean (SD) 59 (9)	10	Not reported	Not reported	Focus group	Participants of a prevention trial or individuals who declined trial participation but consented to be contacted	Not reported	Thematic

*Same data set.

ACPA, anticitrullinated protein antibody; CCP, cyclic citrullinated peptide; CSA, clinically suspect arthralgia; FDR, first-degree relative; FH, family history; IPA, interpretive phenomenological analysis; RA, rheumatoid arthritis; RF, rheumatoid factor.