Table 4.

Associations between breathlessness in parents and their offspring

Exposure variable	Association with offspring breathlessness, OR (95% CI)
	Crude	Adjusted for parental factors only	Adjusted for both parental and offspring factors
Parental breathlessness, main analysis	1.7 (1.3 to 2.2) n=2476	1.8 (1.1 to 2.7) n=1143	1.8 (1.1 to 2.9) n=1040
Parental breathlessness, defined without concurrent wheeze	1.6 (1.1 to 2.5) n=2476	1.8 (0.9 to 3.4) n=1058	1.5 (0.7 to 3.2) n=961

Association between parental and offspring breathlessness, analysed using logistic regression, accounting for clustering within centres and between siblings. Estimates are expressed as ORs with 95% CIs. Adjustment factors in parents and offspring were age, sex, Body Mass Index category, asthma, current smoking, pack-years of smoking, depression (parents only), highest education, airflow limitation (FEV₁/FVC<0.7, parents only) and FVC (parents only). See table 1 for abbreviations.