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. 2021 Jun 14;77(2):172–177. doi: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2021-217271

Table 4.

Associations between breathlessness in parents and their offspring

Exposure variable Association with offspring breathlessness, OR (95% CI)
Crude Adjusted for parental factors only Adjusted for both parental and offspring factors
Parental breathlessness, main analysis 1.7 (1.3 to 2.2)
n=2476
1.8 (1.1 to 2.7)
n=1143
1.8 (1.1 to 2.9)
n=1040
Parental breathlessness, defined without concurrent wheeze 1.6 (1.1 to 2.5)
n=2476
1.8 (0.9 to 3.4)
n=1058
1.5 (0.7 to 3.2)
n=961

Association between parental and offspring breathlessness, analysed using logistic regression, accounting for clustering within centres and between siblings. Estimates are expressed as ORs with 95% CIs. Adjustment factors in parents and offspring were age, sex, Body Mass Index category, asthma, current smoking, pack-years of smoking, depression (parents only), highest education, airflow limitation (FEV1/FVC<0.7, parents only) and FVC (parents only). See table 1 for abbreviations.