Table 2.

Subgroup analysis for assessment of source of heterogeneity between studies in comparison of urinary interleukin 18 level.

Variable	No. of analysis	SMD (95% CI)	P	Heterogeneity (p)
Setting of patients
Cardiac surgery	15	0.58 (0.33, 0.83)	<0.001	80.0% (<0.001)
Critical	12	1.02 (0.48, 1.55)	<0.001	91.8% (<0.001)
Non-critical	5	0.21 (−0.26, 0.69)	0.382	80.9% (<0.001)
Time of assessment
0–2 h	8	0.10 (−0.09, 0.30)	0.289	28.6% (0.200)
4–12 h	6	0.84 (0.52, 1.16)	<0.0001	65.6% (0.012)
24 h	12	0.89 (0.47, 1.32)	<0.001	89.4% (<0.001)
48–72 h	6	0.70 (0.07, 1.33)	0.030	90.8% (<0.001)
Risk of bias
Low risk	7	0.80 (0.29, 1.32)	0.002	87.7% (<0.0001)
At risk	25	0.58 (0.32, 0.84)	<0.0001	87.2% (<0.0001)

CI: Confidence interval.