Table 4.
Risk of bias assessment.
| Author, Year | Risk of bias |
Applicability |
Overall score | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Patient selection | Index test | Reference standard | Flow and timing | Patient selection | Index test | Reference standard | ||
| Ahn, 2020, Korea | Unclear | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | At risk |
| Baek, 2020, Korea | Unclear | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | At risk |
| Chui, 2020, Canada | Unclear | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | At risk |
| DeFontnouvelle, 2017, USA | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low risk |
| Dennen, 2010, USA | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low risk |
| Dobiliene, 2019, Lithuania | Unclear | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | At risk |
| Du, 2010, Canda | High | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | At risk |
| Greenberg, 2015, USA | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low risk |
| Hanudel, 2019, USA | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low risk |
| Huang, 2013, China | Unclear | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | At risk |
| Krawczeski, 2011, USA | Unclear | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | At risk |
| Lagos-Arevalo, 2015, Canada | High | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | At risk |
| Liu, 2009, USA | Unclear | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | At risk |
| Miklaszewska, 2013, Poland | Unclear | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | At risk |
| Morgan, 2013, Canada | Unclear | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | At risk |
| Oncel, 2016, Turkey | Unclear | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | At risk |
| Palermo, 2017, Canada | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low risk |
| Uygur, 2020, Turkey | Unclear | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | At risk |
| Washburn, 2007, USA | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low risk |
| Zappitelli, 2015, USA | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low risk |
| Zheng, 2013, China | Unclear | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | At risk |