TABLE 1.
Baseline data
| Variable | Study group
|
|
|---|---|---|
| Control | Case | |
| Mean birth weight (kg) (SD) | 3 (2.26) | 2.8 (0.5) |
| % Muslim | 90 (45.2) | 43 (45.3) |
| No. (%) being in shamba 7 days before | 32 (15.8) | 23 (22) |
| No. (%) receiving breast-feed | ||
| Exclusively | 4 (2.1) | 0 |
| Not at all | 71 (37.4) | 32 (31.4) |
| Mixed | 115 (60.5) | 70 (68.6) |
| Mean age (yr) (SD) | 1.9 (1.2) | 1.6 (1.0) |
| Mean no. of siblings (SD) | 2.1 (2.3) | 1.6 (1.7) |
| Mean no. of siblings alive (SD) | 2.1 (2.2) | 1.4 (1.5) |
| Mean birth order (SD) | 3.0 (2.2) | 2.5 (1.6) |
| Mean time in career school (SD) | 5.5 (2.8) | 5.8 (2.6) |
| No. (%) mud house | 67 (32.5) | 39 (38.2) |
| No. (%) iron roof | 104 (50.5) | 58 (38.2) |
| No. with water source (%) | ||
| Tap | 27 (13.1) | 18 (18.6) |
| Covered | 173 (84) | 80 (78) |
| Uncovered | 5 (2.4) | 2 (2) |
| River | 1 (0.5) | 1 (1) |
| Time (min) from water source | ||
| <1 | 16 (7.8) | 16 (15.7) |
| 1–10 | 114 (55.3) | 59 (57.8) |
| >10 min | 76 (36.9) | 27 (26.5) |
| No. (%) boiled drinking water | 17 (8.3) | 6 (5.9) |
| No. (%) filtered drinking water | 6 (2.9) | 3 (2.9) |
| No. (%) with latrine in house | 196 (95.2) | 90 (88.2) |
| Mean no. (%) of other users of latrine | 1.2 (0.5) | 1.3 (0.6) |
| No. (%) latrine type | ||
| Simple | 190 (92.7) | 88 (86.3) |
| Covered | 38 (18.5) | 23 (22.8) |
| No. (%) visible stool | ||
| Not in latrine | 177 (87.6) | 92 (90.2) |
| Around latrine | 6 (3) | 2 (2) |
| Within latrine | 19 (9.4) | 8 (7.8) |
| Age group (yr) | ||
| 0–1 | 8 (3.9) | 4 (3.9) |
| 1–3 | 134 (65.1) | 67 (65.1) |
| 4–5 | 69 (31) | 32 (31) |