Table 1.
Soil physicochemical properties in different treatments in 2019 and 2020.
| Treatment | pH | EC (uS.cm−1) |
NO3− (mg kg−1) |
NH4+ (mg kg−1) |
TN (g kg−1) |
AP (mg kg−1) |
AK (mg kg−1) |
SOM | C/N | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2019 | CK | 6.96 ± 0.01 e | 408.33 ± 20.60 a | 36.68 ± 1.82 d | 25.24 ± 2.52 a | 3.36 ± 0.14 d | 81.44 ± 7.18 a | 201.67 ± 3.51 cd | 61.14 ± 2.60 cd | 18.17 ± 0.10 b |
| W | 7.06 ± 0.01 bc | 301.33 ± 22.50 b | 49.88 ± 2.18 abc | 20.32 ± 1.42 b | 3.76 ± 0.06 ab | 42.10 ± 2.23 b | 227.33 ± 3.21 a | 61.87 ± 1.03 bcd | 16.45 ± 0.04 e | |
| R | 7.06 ± 0.01 bc | 281.33 ± 18.45 b | 45.25 ± 2.29 c | 20.79 ± 1.42 b | 3.63 ± 0.04 bc | 47.63 ± 2.10 b | 211.67 ± 4.62 bc | 63.82 ± 0.69 abc | 17.58 ± 0.02 d | |
| B | 7.03 ± 0.01 d | 256.33 ± 11.68 bc | 44.14 ± 1.85 c | 19.68 ± 0.72 bc | 3.50 ± 0.02 cd | 46.28 ± 2.21 b | 201.67 ± 3.79 cd | 65.03 ± 0.34 ab | 18.60 ± 0.02 a | |
| WR | 7.08 ± 0.01 ab | 258.00 ± 10.54 bc | 53.28 ± 3.06 a | 17.95 ± 0.84 bc | 3.63 ± 0.02 bc | 46.33 ± 0.82 b | 216.00 ± 5.20 b | 65.28 ± 0.34 ab | 17.98 ± 0.02 c | |
| WB | 7.08 ± 0.01 ab | 269.33 ± 14.01 b | 30.62 ± 0.37 d | 18.37 ± 0.86 bc | 3.63 ± 0.02 bc | 43.58 ± 2.02 b | 202.00 ± 1.00 c | 67.47 ± 0.34 a | 18.59 ± 0.02 a | |
| RB | 7.05 ± 0.01 cd | 277.33 ± 14.05 b | 46.32 ± 2.42 bc | 16.60 ± 0.71 c | 3.43 ± 0.03 d | 46.92 ± 2.97 b | 198.00 ± 2.65 c | 62.60 ± 0.60 bcd | 18.25 ± 0.02 b | |
| WRB | 7.09 ± 0.01 a | 222.33 ± 14.19 c | 51.51 ± 2.37 ab | 19.39 ± 0.87 bc | 3.83 ± 0.05 a | 45.73 ± 0.23 b | 198.00 ± 2.66 c | 59.92 ± 0.69 d | 15.66 ± 0.02 f | |
| 2020 | CK | 6.91 ± 0.01 e | 448.67 ± 17.24 a | 36.84 ± 0.18 d | 21.04 ± 0.82 a | 3.27 ± 0.02 c | 59.45 ± 1.98 a | 221.67 ± 7.09 c | 60.30 ± 2.17 bc | 18.46 ± 0.65 ab |
| W | 7.08 ± 0.01 bc | 247.33 ± 15.31 b | 51.97 ± 4.65 a | 18.94 ± 0.60 b | 3.73 ± 0.04 a | 49.74 ± 0.46 bc | 262.33 ± 4.51 a | 61.78 ± 0.60 abc | 16.55 ± 0.16 bc | |
| R | 7.08 ± 0.01 bc | 230.67 ± 12.86 b | 43.90 ± 2.07 bcd | 18.75 ± 0.76 b | 3.54 ± 0.15 ab | 49.29 ± 0.86 c | 236.67 ± 9.61 bc | 63.50 ± 1.84 abc | 17.97 ± 0.52 ab | |
| B | 7.05 ± 0.01 d | 172.67 ± 14.01 d | 43.47 ± 1.48 cd | 17.91 ± 0.21 bc | 3.69 ± 0.07 ab | 45.65 ± 2.01 cd | 248.67 ± 7.02 ab | 66.70 ± 1.25 ab | 18.05 ± 0.34 ab | |
| WR | 7.12 ± 0.01 a | 174.67 ± 11.15 cd | 50.92 ± 2.06 ab | 18.05 ± 0.28 bc | 3.60 ± 0.01 ab | 48.64 ± 1.33 c | 224.33 ± 9.71 c | 64.24 ± 3.32 abc | 17.84 ± 0.92 ab | |
| WB | 7.11 ± 0.01 ab | 229.67 ± 17.56 b | 29.17 ± 1.28 e | 17.62 ± 0.57 bc | 3.60 ± 0.20 ab | 43.58 ± 2.02 d | 237.33 ± 7.51 bc | 67.43 ± 1.94 a | 18.74 ± 0.48 a | |
| RB | 7.07 ± 0.01 cd | 218.33 ± 17.79 bc | 45.65 ± 1.99 abc | 15.78 ± 0.57 d | 3.47 ± 0.16 bc | 49.14 ± 1.09 c | 221.33 ± 8.08 c | 62.02 ± 2.85 abc | 17.89 ± 0.82 ab | |
| WRB | 7.12 ± 0.01 a | 138.00 ± 18.73 d | 50.10 ± 4.03 abc | 16.48 ± 0.39 cd | 3.73 ± 0.04 a | 53.58 ± 1.22 b | 240.67 ± 7.64 abc | 59.07 ± 0.35 c | 15.82 ± 0.09 c |
Different letters in each column indicate significant differences among the samples (p < 0.05, HSD Tukey test). TN, soil total nitrogen; AP, available phosphorus; AK, available potassium; and SOM, soil organic matter. CK, no cover crop; W, wheat; R, wild rocket; B, faba bean; WR, wheat + wild rocket; WB, wheat + faba bean; RB, wild rocket + faba bean; and WRB, wheat + wild rocket + faba bean.