TABLE 3.
Relationship between demographic characteristics, anthropometric measurements, biochemical indices, and cognitive tests with dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) activation (n = 35).
| 0-back right DLPFC activation | 0-back left DLPFC activation | 1-back right DLPFC activation | 1-back left DLPFC activation | ||
|
| |||||
| Participants (n = 35) | Participants (n = 35) | Participants (n = 35) | Participants (n = 35) | ||
| Age a | r | –0.118 | –0.031 | −0.340* | –0.020 |
| p | 0.500 | 0.860 | 0.045 | 0.908 | |
| Gender b | p | 0.171 | 0.630 | 0.042* | 0.629 |
| Education years a | r | 0.131 | 0.107 | 0.400* | 0.119 |
| p | 0.453 | 0.539 | 0.017 | 0.496 | |
| Anthropometric measurements a | |||||
| Body mass index | r | –0.226 | –0.264 | –0.166 | –0.413 |
| p | 0.479 | 0.407 | 0.606 | 0.182 | |
| Biochemical profiles c | |||||
| Fasting blood glucose | r | –0.304 | –0.010 | –0.047 | –0.190 |
| p | 0.075 | 0.954 | 0.790 | 0.275 | |
| Total cholesterol | r | –0.158 | –0.252 | –0.022 | –0.167 |
| p | 0.365 | 0.144 | 0.900 | 0.337 | |
| Low density lipoprotein | r | –0.166 | –0.263 | –0.121 | –0.097 |
| p | 0.340 | 0.127 | 0.487 | 0.579 | |
| High density lipoprotein | r | 0.111 | 0.163 | 0.431* | 0.187 |
| p | 0.526 | 0.349 | 0.009 | 0.281 | |
| Triglyceride | r | –0.082 | –0.176 | −0.450* | –0.007 |
| p | 0.638 | 0.311 | 0.008 | 0.967 | |
| Biomarkers d | |||||
| Inducible nitric oxide synthase | r | –0.300 | –0.281 | –0.258 | –0.156 |
| p | 0.080 | 0.102 | 0.135 | 0.372 | |
| Cyclooxygenase-2 | r | –0.120 | –0.061 | –0.363 | –0.006 |
| p | 0.671 | 0.829 | 0.183 | 0.982 | |
| Brain-derived neurotrophic factor | r | 0.063 | 0.026 | 0.407* | 0.085 |
| p | 0.718 | 0.881 | 0.018 | 0.629 | |
| Malondialdehyde | r | –0.384 | –0.270 | −0.455* | –0.172 |
| p | 0.023 | 0.117 | 0.008 | 0.323 | |
| Neuropsychological batteries c | |||||
| Mini-Mental State Examination | r | 0.105 | 0.273 | 0.466* | 0.206 |
| p | 0.548 | 0.112 | 0.005 | 0.236 | |
| Digit Span | r | 0.114 | 0.015 | 0.252 | 0.067 |
| p | 0.516 | 0.933 | 0.144 | 0.704 | |
| RAVLT immediate recall | r | 0.291 | 0.328 | 0.451* | 0.233 |
| p | 0.090 | 0.055 | 0.008 | 0.177 | |
| RAVLT delayed recall | r | 0.243 | 0.136 | 0.105 | 0.093 |
| p | 0.160 | 0.436 | 0.547 | 0.595 | |
| Digit symbol | r | 0.081 | 0.081 | 0.077 | 0.086 |
| p | 0.643 | 0.642 | 0.659 | 0.625 | |
Significant at ap < 0.05*, cp < 0.01*, dp < 0.0125* using the Pearson’s correlation after the Bonferroni correction.
Significant at bp < 0.05* using the independent t-test.
DLPFC, dorsolateral prefrontal cortex; fMRI, functional MRI; and RAVLT, Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test.