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Mechanisms of action of saffron extracts for the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease from preclinical studies. ROS, reactive oxygen species; AChE-I, acetylcholinesterase inhibitors; BBB, blood–brain barrier; NMDA, N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor; Anti-Aβ, anti-beta amyloid. (A higher resolution / colour version of this figure is available in the electronic copy of the article).
