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. 2022 Jan 3;12:794598. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2021.794598

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Copyright © 2022 Rodrigues, Janssens, Langer, Matsumura, Rozenberg, Brochard and Reid.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Timing of the diaphragm/intercostal, parasternal intercostal, scalene, and sternocleidomastoid activity during the inspiratory threshold loading. Upper panels are expressed as a percentage of inspiratory time onset based on the flow signal (%Ti) whereas lower panels are expressed in seconds from inspiratory flow onset (A) and (D) – EMG, onset; (B) and (E) – EMG, offset; (C) and (F) – Duration of activation. ^*p < 0.01 for the diaphragm/intercostal vs. parasternal intercostal, scalene and sternocleidomastoid. ^¥p < 0.03 for the diaphragm/intercostals vs. parasternal intercostal and scalene.