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. 2022 Jan 3;12:801048. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2021.801048

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Copyright © 2022 Gong, Wang, Pi, Guo, Pei, Yang, Chang, Wang and Chen.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Anti-oxidative parameters of the kidneys. (A) MDA levels. (B) PCO levels. (C) SOD activities. (D) GSH, GST, and GSH-Px content. (E) NO levels. (F) Possible mechanism of cadimium on oxidative stress. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001 compared with control group; and ^# p < 0.05, ^## p < 0.01, compared with DN group.