Table 1.

Description of data used for example analyses. All datasets were publicly available at the European Nucleotide Archive under the given ENA accession number.

Reference	Body site	Diagnosis	16S rRNA region	Sample size	ENA accession	Sub-sampling depth
Almeida-Santos et al., 2021	Oral (Saliva)	Diabetes/ healthy controls	V3-V4	Cases = 25 HC = 25	PRJNA679485	11150
Manor et al., 2018	Gut (Stool)	No diagnosis	V3-V4	N = 601	PRJNA471742	21092
Aho et al., 2019 2	Gut (Stool)	Parkinson’s disease/ healthy controls	V3-V4	PD = 64 HC = 64	PRJEB27564	12341

¹ Note, that the original sample size was N = 648. For feasibility, only a subset of the original data was used for our analyses.

² Due to repeated measurements, two samples were available per observation. For our analyses, we selected the more recent sample.