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. 2022 Jan 5;6(1):85–90. doi: 10.1002/jgh3.12703

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© 2022 The Authors. JGH Open published by Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Foundation and John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd.

This is an open access article under the terms of the http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited and is not used for commercial purposes.

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Enterococcus spp. have higher fitness to survive in pancreatic juice. (a) Visual agar plate assay to detect the abundance of Enterococcus spp. in a mixture of duodenal juice (DJ) and aseptic pancreatic juice (aPJ) at a 1:49 volume ratio. The DJ/aPJ mixture was incubated for 24 h before plating on Enterococcosel agar. Phosphate‐buffered saline was used as a control instead of aPJ. (b) Metagenome analysis of the DJ/aPJ mixture. After incubation, the samples were subjected to 16S rRNA metagenome analysis without selection on the agar plate. Each colored bar indicates the relative frequency of indicated bacterial species, which are listed on the right panel. (), Enterococcus spp.; (), Enterobacteriaceae; (), Veillonella; (), Bifidobacterium animalis; (), Klebsiella; (), Enterococcus spp.; (), Enterocuccus casseliflavus; (), Bacteroides spp.; (), Enterobacteriaceae; (), Fusobacterium spp. aPJ‐A, aseptic pancreatic juice from ampullary cancer; aPJ‐B, aseptic pancreatic juice from pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor; aPJ‐C, aseptic pancreatic juice from duodenal cancer; PBS, phosphate‐buffered saline.

Inline graphic — Enterococcus spp. have higher fitness to survive in pancreatic juice. (a) Visual agar plate assay to detect the abundance of Enterococcus spp. in a mixture of duodenal juice (DJ) and aseptic pancreatic juice (aPJ) at a 1:49 volume ratio. The DJ/aPJ mixture was incubated for 24 h before plating on Enterococcosel agar. Phosphate‐buffered saline was used as a control instead of aPJ. (b) Metagenome analysis of the DJ/aPJ mixture. After incubation, the samples were subjected to 16S rRNA metagenome analysis without selection on the agar plate. Each colored bar indicates the relative frequency of indicated bacterial species, which are listed on the right panel. (), Enterococcus spp.; (), Enterobacteriaceae; (), Veillonella; (), Bifidobacterium animalis; (), Klebsiella; (), Enterococcus spp.; (), Enterocuccus casseliflavus; (), Bacteroides spp.; (), Enterobacteriaceae; (), Fusobacterium spp. aPJ‐A, aseptic pancreatic juice from ampullary cancer; aPJ‐B, aseptic pancreatic juice from pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor; aPJ‐C, aseptic pancreatic juice from duodenal cancer; PBS, phosphate‐buffered saline.