Table 3. Factors associated with bleeding and thromboembolic complication rates of patients with MHVs on warfarin.
| Characteristics | Thromboembolic | p-value | Major bleeding | p-value | ||
| No (n = 110) | Yes (n = 32) | No (n = 122) | Yes (n = 20) | |||
| Age, mean (SD), years | 43.1 (12.9) | 41.0 (11.9) | 0.59 | 43.3 (12.7) | 39 (11.9) | 0.04 |
| Valve duration, median (IQR), years | 3 (1.0–7.0) | 8.5 (2.3–15.8) | 0.01 | 5 (3–11) | 3 (1.6–7) | 0.08 |
| TTR, median (IQR), years | 30.2 (14.0-<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R05">5</xref>4.0) | 25.6 (14.3–39.1) | 0.26 | 30.1 (15–49) | 20.5 (13.3–55.2) | 0.50 |
| Residence, n (%) | ||||||
| Gaborone | 57 (51.8) | 23 (71.9) | 0.04 | 70 (57.4) | 10 (50.0) | 0.54 |
| Outside Gaborone | 53 (48.2) | 9 (28.1) | 52 (42.6) | 10 (50.0) | ||
| Education, n (%) | ||||||
| No formal education | 11 (10.0) | 2 (6.3) | 0.048 | 11 (9.0) | 2 (10.0) | 0.87 |
| Primary school | 26 (23.6) | 3 (9.4) | 26 (21.3) | 3 (15.0) | ||
| Secondary school | 52 (47.3) | 14 (43.8) | 57 (46.7) | 9 (45.0) | ||
| University/college | 21 (19.1) | 13 (40.6) | 28 (23.0) | 6 (30.0) | ||
| Marital status, n (%) | ||||||
| Not married | 80 (72.7) | 26 (81.3) | 0.33 | 91 (74.6) | 15 (75) | 0.97 |
| Currently married | 30 (27.3) | 6 (18.7) | 31 (25.4) | 5 (25) | ||
| Monthly income, n (%) | ||||||
| No income | 51 (46.4) | 12 (37.5) | 0.51 | 58 (47.5) | 5 (25.0) | 0.10 |
| < 1 000 Pula | 11 (10) | 3 (9.4) | 13 (10.7) | 1 (5.00) | ||
| 1 000–4 000 Pula | 30 (27.3) | 8 (25.0) | 31 (25.4) | 7 (35.0) | ||
| > 4 000 Pula | 18 (16.4) | 9 (28.1) | 20 (16.4) | 7 (35.0) | ||
| Current smoker, n (%) | 3 (2.7) | 2 (6.3) | 0.34 | 5 (4.1) | 0 | 0.36 |
| Alcohol intake, n (%) | 6 (5.5) | 5 (15.6) | 0.06 | 9 (7.4) | 2 (10.0) | 0.68 |
| HIV positive, n (%) | 20 (18.2) | 2 (6.3) | 0.73 | 25 (20.5) | 0 | 0.03 |
| Valve operated, n (%) | ||||||
| Mitral | 73 (66.4) | 21 (65.6) | 0.83 | 83 (68.0) | 11 (55.0) | 0.004 |
| Aortic | 26 (23.60 | 8 (25.0) | 30 (24.6) | 4 (20.0) | ||
| Tricuspid | 2 (1.80) | 0 | 1 (0.8) | 1 (5.0) | ||
| Dual (mitral/aortic) | 7 (6.4) | 3 (9.0) | 8 (6.6) | 2 (10.0) | ||
| Triple (mitral/aortic/tricuspid) | 2 (1.8) | 0 | 0 | 2 (10.0) | ||
One Botswana Pula was equivalent to 0.09757 American dollars during the time of study
IQR, interquartile range; SD, standard deviation; MHVs, mechanical heart valves