Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of intervention and control arms in 2015
| Variable | Absolut event rates (n) | |
|---|---|---|
| Intervention (cluster n = 40) |
Control (cluster n = 40) |
|
| Interviewed households (HH) | 0.47 (3756/8051) | 0.53 (4295/8051) |
| HH without tap water | 0.14 (518/3704) | 0.22 (928/4246) |
| Among 1146 pregnancies | ||
| Woman’s agea | 25.7 (0.4, n = 528) | 25.9 (0.4, n = 599) |
| Woman speaks Spanish (p = 0.00)b | 0.69 (355/512) | 0.86 (501/580) |
| Woman’s education above primary (p = 0.02)b | 0.45 (237/529) | 0.56 (329/593) |
| Women receives government aid | 0.64 (337/525) | 0.66 (388/591) |
| Woman has health insurance | 0.93 (491/527) | 0.92 (548/593) |
| Woman without a partner (p = 0.05)b | 0.07 (35/529) | 0.10 (59/596) |
| Among 841 completed pregnancies | ||
| Perinatal deaths | 0.03 (11/386) | 0.03 (14/448) |
| Neonatal complications | 0.17 (61/362) | 0.18 (76/427) |
| Childbirth serious complications | 0.20 (74/366) | 0.17 (72/437) |
| Any primary outcomec | 0.33 (128/389) | 0.31 (140/452) |
| Woman is main decision maker (alone or with partner) | 0.67 (248/372) | 0.74 (326/439) |
| Traditional midwife saw the woman at least once | 0.75 (282/378) | 0.71 (313/441) |
| Woman went to WHC for antenatal care | 0.97 (357/369) | 0.97 (422/434) |
| Gestational age of first recourse to WHCa | 3.2 (0.1, n = 380) | 2.8 (0.1, n = 441) |
| Childbirth at home (p = 0.00)b | 0.46 (171/369) | 0.26 (115/438) |
| Unattended childbirthd (p = 0.05)b | 0.08 (28/375) | 0.04 (17/439) |
| Childbirth with traditional midwife (p = 0.02)b | 0.37 (137/375) | 0.23 (99/439) |
| Woman paid for childbirth (p = 0.00)b | 0.43 (141/332) | 0.29 (121/412) |
| Company of family during childbirth (p = 0.00)b | 0.75 (275/368) | 0.43 (189/437) |
| Traditional childbirth (p = 0.01)b | 0.26 (98/376) | 0.13 (58/441) |
| Woman did not suffer violence during pregnancy | 0.97 (361/372) | 0.97 (427/441) |
| Infected wound after childbirth (p = 0.03)b | 0.06 (21/343) | 0.03 (11/422) |
Missing data ranged between 0 and 11.5%; the highest proportion of missing data was for Woman paid for childbirth (11.5% or 97/841 completed pregnancies) and Infected wound after childbirth (9% or 76/841)
HH Household, WHC Western health care facility
aAverage (SD, n)
bcluster-level t-test
cchildbirth or neonatal complication or perinatal death
dMedical doctor, nurse or traditional midwife vs casual or unattended childbirth