Table 1.
Clinical characteristics of the study population
| DM group | DN group | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, years | 53.80 ± 12.08 | 58.00 ± 10.62 | 0.321 |
| Male, n (%) | 11 (73.33%) | 7 (46.67%) | 0.136 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 26.25 ± 3.07 | 27.65 ± 4.88 | 0.356 |
| Diabetes course (years) | 7.20 ± 5.81 | 13.98 ± 6.98 | 0.007** |
| Smoking, n (%) | 8 (52%) | 6 (40%) | 0.464 |
| Biochemical parameters | |||
| Urea nitrogen (mmol/L) | 5.76 (4.75, 6.77) | 7.27 (4.86, 9.14) | 0.181 |
| Uric acid (μmol/L) | 285.01 ± 101.90 | 390.53 ± 61.10 | 0.002** |
| FBG (mmol/L) | 9.46 ± 2.58 | 9.87 ± 3.49 | 0.712 |
| HbA1c (%) | 8.31 ± 2.27 | 7.99 ± 1.29 | 0.639 |
| Urinary albumin (mg/L) | 6.30 (5.00, 12.00) | 48.60 (28.40, 293.40) | < 0.001** |
| Urinary creatinine (μmol/L) | 53.10 (37.20, 90.50) | 63.90 (32.20, 84.60 | 0.925 |
| ACR (mg/g) | 13.12 (7.79, 25.64) | 78.98 (38.55, 354.61) | 0.001** |
| eGFR (ml/L) | 113.21 ± 24.25 | 85.51 ± 43.13 | 0.042* |
| Parameters of periodontitis | |||
| PD (mm) | 3.38 ± 0.95 | 3.37 ± 0.93 | 0.995 |
| BI | 3.31 ± 0.68 | 2.99 ± 0.70 | 0.377 |
| CAL (mm) | 4.64 ± 1.60 | 5.09 ± 2.00 | 0.216 |
| Remaining teeth numbers | 24.67 ± 4.98 | 22.87 ± 5.96 | 0.377 |
P-values calculated using two independent samples t test, Mann–Whitney U test, or Chi-squared test. P < 0.05 was statistically significant. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01
BMI, body mass index; LDL, low density lipoprotein; HDL, high density lipoprotein; FBG, fasting blood glucose; HbA1c, glycated hemoglobin; ACR, albumin creatinine ratio; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; PD, probing depth; BI, blooding index; CAL, clinical attachment loss