Table 1.
Sample characteristics
| T1 PD/pRBD + Mean (SD) or n (%) (n = 25) |
T1 PD/pRBD− Mean (SD) or n (%) (n = 40) |
T2 PD/pRBD + Mean (SD) or n (%) (n = 25) |
T2 PD/pRBD− Mean (SD) or n (%) (n = 40) |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Demographic Characteristics | ||||
| Age (years) | 68.20 (7.82) | 67.50 (8.32) | 70.56 (7.81) | 69.83 (8.32) |
| Education (years) | 15.84 (2.21) | 16.80 (2.03) | -- | -- |
| Gender (% men) | 64 | 68 | -- | -- |
| Race/Ethnicity (% White) | 92 | 95 | -- | -- |
| Disease Characteristics | ||||
| Duration of PD (years) | 5.82 (4.08) | 5.93 (5.83) | 8.29 (3.71) | 8.09 (5.68) |
| UPDRS Part III * | 12.88 (7.60) | 17.70 (13.31) | 17.09 (11.45) | 22.09 (12.58) |
| Modified Hoehn and Yahr stage | 1.69 (0.59) | 1.77 (0.88) | 2.07 (0.68) | 2.03 (0.86) |
| Levodopa dosage equivalence | 829.82 (336.56) | 649.32 (628.95) | 795.82 (410.09) | 678.90 (355.73) |
| PD-MCI status (%) | 4 (16%) | 9 (23%) | 12 (50%) | 11 (28%) |
| Mood/Sleep Characteristics | ||||
| RBDSQ | 8.64 (2.34) | 3.18 (1.43) | 8.88 (3.09) | 4.82 (2.29) |
| Geriatric Depression Scale | 7.20 (4.56) | 5.23 (4.14) | 6.48 (5.46) | 5.53 (4.57) |
| Apathy Scale | 11.72 (4.70) | 10.23 (4.58) | 11.60 (6.38) | 10.27 (4.60) |
| State Anxiety (STAI) | 35.00 (8.62) | 32.55 (9.52) | 36.52 (8.87) | 35.16 (11.61) |
| Trait Anxiety (STAI) | 34.96 (8.51) | 33.30 (9.40) | 36.16 (9.41) | 34.03 (9.48) |
| Cognitive Functioning | ||||
| MDRS total score | 139.16 (3.40) | 139.03 (3.53) | 135.52 (8.21) | 138.25 (4.32) |
| Global Cognition | 50.87 (6.91) | 53.40 (5.37) | 46.67 (9.14) | 50.94 (7.93) |
| Attention/Working memory | 45.87 (7.58) | 46.77 (7.26) | 40.39 (9.45) | 45.13 (9.63) |
| Language | 52.25 (9.96) | 51.46 (9.99) | 50.55 (10.32) | 49.41 (10.51) |
| Visuospatial functioning | 53.28 (7.58) | 56.17 (9.23) | 46.69 (12.07) | 51.97 (10.33) |
| Learning | 50.21 (9.90) | 56.03 (7.23) | 46.59 (11.52) | 53.40 (9.67) |
| Memory | 52.52 (8.70) | 56.42 (7.46) | 50.08 (10.18) | 55.45 (9.25) |
| Executive Functioning | 51.97 (8.32) | 54.28 (5.82) | 48.10 (9.88) | 50.31 (9.85) |
| Functional Capacity | ||||
| MMAA | 29.16 (5.15) | 30.68 (3.65) | 25.13 (8.20) | 29.44 (5.73) |
| UPSA (Finance subscale) | 10.12 (0.83) | 10.03 (0.95) | 8.96 (2.51) | 10.14 (1.27) |
| IADL Scale | 13.79 (2.59) | 14.32 (2.06) | 12.54 (4.20) | 13.00 (3.38) |
Global Cognition = global neuropsychological performance (calculated as an average of all individual cognitive measures); IADL = Instrumental Activities of Daily Living; MDRS = Mattis Dementia Rating Scale; MMAA = Medication Management Abilities Assessment; PD-MCI=Parkinson’s disease-Mild Cognitive Impairment status; RBDSQ = REM Behavior Disorder Screening Questionnaire; STAI=State/Trait Anxiety Inventory; T1 = time point 1 (baseline); T2 = time point 2 (follow-up); UPDRS=Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale; UPSA = UCSD Performance-Based Skills Assessment.
*No on versus off medication differences between groups.
All cognitive domains report results using T-scores (M ± SD = 50 ± 10, range 20–80), except for the MDRS total score, which is expressed as a total raw score (range 0–144).