Fig. 2.

CAF40, Poseidon, and Zeus have distinct expression patterns. (A) Summary of the expression intensity of each paralog in D. melanogaster tissues and development times. Expression summarized as average FPKM. CAF40 broad expression contrasts with the duplicates restricted expression pattern. (B) Expression level, expressed as Z scores of TPM values of each gene to normalize by experimental variance (The Z score of TPM normalized reads for each gene were directly retrieved from “Gene Level Data” Excel sheet in Supplementary Data Set 2 from Mahadevaraju et al. 2021), at eight different cell types in D. melanogaster testes (spermatogonia [Spmt, mitosis, G], primary spermatocyte [meiosis, early (E1^°), middle (M1^°), and late(L1^°)], cyst cell differentiation [four stages from C1 to C4]) (Mahadevaraju et al. 2021). These data provide evidence for the compensation of the autosomal Poseidon for the significantly reduced expression of the X-linked CAF40 in the spermatocyte stages. Z scores mean the number of SDs from the mean. Z=(x−μ)/σ, x is the value to be standardized, μ is the mean, and σ is the SD. (C) Summary of expression intensity in female/male adults for Drosophila species with available data for each paralog. Circles in the phylogeny represent the duplication event for Poseidon (blue) and Zeus (orange). Blue arrows indicate the expression intensity in reproductive organs (testes and ovaries) of D. melanogaster (D. mel) and D. pseudoobscura (D. pse). Male-biased expression for Poseidon and Zeus are conserved across the phylogeny. Data extracted from Brown et al. (2014), VanKuren and Vibranovski (2014), and Vibranovski, Zhang, et al. (2009).