Table 2.
Associations of histopathologic lesions with plasma biomarkers
| Plasma Protein | Percentage Difference in Plasma Protein Associated with Histopathologic Lesion (95% Confidence Interval)a | P Value |
|---|---|---|
| Glomerular inflammation | ||
| EN-RAGE | 98 (61 to 144) | <0.001 |
| DNER | −15 (–20 to –10) | <0.001 |
| MCP-3 | 51 (30 to 77) | <0.001 |
| NOS3 | 46 (24 to 71) | 0.002 |
| Gal-9 | 19 (10 to 28) | 0.003 |
| IL-1ra | 35 (18 to 55) | 0.005 |
| CSF-1 | 11 (5 to 16) | 0.02 |
| IL-6 | 48 (21 to 80) | 0.03 |
| GDF-2 | −23 (–32 to –12) | 0.03 |
| CCL4 | 32 (15 to 52) | 0.03 |
| hOSCAR | 9 (4 to 13) | 0.03 |
| DPP6 | −14 (–20 to –7) | 0.04 |
| CXCL10 | 53 (23 to 90) | 0.04 |
| PDCD1 | 16 (7 to 25) | 0.05 |
| Inflammation, nonfibrosed interstitium | ||
| SCF | −22 (–31 to –13) | 0.003 |
| CXCL9 | 72 (34 to 120) | 0.01 |
| MMP-7 | 22 (11 to 33) | 0.01 |
| DPP6 | −17 (–24 to –9) | 0.02 |
| CCL23 | 24 (11 to 38) | 0.04 |
| CALCA | 55 (23 to 95) | 0.04 |
| Glomerular sclerosis | ||
| TF | 17 (11 to 24) | <0.001 |
| PRSS27 | 24 (14 to 34) | <0.001 |
| SCF | 23 (14 to 32) | <0.001 |
| GIF | 43 (25 to 65) | <0.001 |
| CA14 | 18 (9 to 28) | 0.01 |
| PTX3 | −17 (–24 to –9) | 0.01 |
| GDF-2 | 23 (11 to 35) | 0.02 |
| VSIG2 | 21 (10 to 32) | 0.02 |
| IL-10 | −20 (–28 to –10) | 0.04 |
| NPPC | 25 (11 to 41) | 0.04 |
| Mesangial expansion | ||
| TRAIL | 20 (10 to 30) | 0.01 |
| Gal-9 | 22 (11 to 34) | 0.01 |
| CSF-1 | 13 (7 to 20) | 0.01 |
| ENTPD6 | 14 (7 to 21) | 0.02 |
| PD-L2 | 19 (9 to 29) | 0.02 |
| TRANCE | 42 (19 to 70) | 0.03 |
| ADM | 24 (11 to 39) | 0.03 |
| CCL11 | 24 (11 to 39) | 0.04 |
| Interstitial fibrosis/tubular atrophy | ||
| VSIG2 | 30 (16 to 46) | 0.003 |
| TF | 17 (9 to 26) | 0.01 |
| AMBP | 10 (5 to 15) | 0.01 |
| IL-10RB | 13 (7 to 20) | 0.01 |
| PGF | 19 (9 to 29) | 0.02 |
| FGF-23 | 47 (22 to 79) | 0.02 |
| CLEC1A | 23 (11 to 36) | 0.02 |
| PTK7 | 22 (10 to 35) | 0.03 |
| PAR-1 | 17 (8 to 27) | 0.03 |
| TNFRSF-9 | 33 (15 to 54) | 0.04 |
| Inflammation, fibrosed interstitium | ||
| MMP-7 | 21 (10 to 33) | 0.02 |
| SPON2 | 8 (4 to 13) | 0.03 |
| KIM-1 | 65 (28 to 114) | 0.04 |
| Arteriolar sclerosis | ||
| FABP2 | 35 (16 to 56) | 0.02 |
| Acute tubular injury | ||
| SCF | −30 (–38 to –20) | <0.001 |
| KIM-1 | 101 (52 to 166) | <0.001 |
| TGF-α | 27 (14 to 42) | 0.004 |
| PLXDC1 | −16 (–22 to –9) | 0.01 |
| PTX3 | 33 (15 to 54) | 0.04 |
Reference is none/mild lesion severity for acute tubular injury and arteriolar sclerosis. Reference is absence of lesion for mesangial expansion. Reference is 0%–10% of cortical volume or glomeruli affected for inflammation in the fibrosed and nonfibrosed interstitium and glomerular inflammation. Reference is 0%–25% of cortical volume or glomeruli affected for glomerular sclerosis and interstitial fibrosis/tubular atrophy. Endocapillary glomerular inflammation, extracapillary cellular crescents, focal glomerular necrosis, and fibrocellular crescents were combined into a single dichotomous variable named “glomerular inflammation.” Shown are significant associations after applying Bonferroni correction. Abbreviations and definitions of all proteins are provided in Supplemental Table 5.
Percentage differences were derived from linear regression models using plasma protein biomarkers as the dependent variable and each histopathologic lesion as the independent variable. Models were further adjusted for age, sex, race, and eGFR (modeled continuously).