Table 3.
Independent sample t-tests for empathy measures between female and male physicians
| Variables | Female physicians | Male physicians | t-test | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean | SD | 95% CI | M | SD | 95% CI | t | DF | P-value | Cohen’s d | |
| Empathic concern | 4.27 | 0.37 | 4.13 to 4.42 | 3.93 | 0.52 | 3.75 to 4.12 | 2.80 | 56 | 0.007a | .75 |
| Perspective taking | 3.78 | 0.53 | 3.56 to 3.99 | 3.72 | 0.63 | 3.50 to 3.96 | 0.30 | 56 | 0.763 | .08 |
| DANVA | 18.08 | 2.70 | 16.99 to 19.17 | 18.06 | 2.53 | 17.15 to 18.97 | 0.02 | 56 | 0.983 | .01 |
| VES | 0.69 | 0.48 | 0.60 to 0.78 | 0.66 | 0.50 | 0.58 to 0.75 | 0.44 | 241 | 0.659 | .06 |
| TES | 3.43 | 0.77 | 3.28 to 3.58 | 3.25 | 0.76 | 3.12 to 3.38 | 1.84 | 239 | 0.067 | .24 |
| SVMFF | 0.29 | 0.29 | 0.23 to 0.36 | 0.41 | 0.22 | 0.37 to 0.45 | 3.14 | 202 | 0.002a | .45 |
a
P<0.01. CI = confidence interval. DANVA = Diagnostic Analysis of Nonverbal Accuracy. DF = degrees of freedom. SD = standard deviation. SVMFF = Synchrony of Vocal Mean Fundamental Frequencies. TES = Therapist Empathy Scale. VES = verbal empathy statements.